This article lists concurrent and parallel programming languages, categorizing them by a defining paradigm. Concurrent and parallel programming languages involve multiple timelines. Such languages provide synchronization constructs whose behavior is defined by a parallel execution model. A concurrent programming language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a program. A parallel language is able to express programs that are executable on more than one processor. Both types are listed, as concurrency is a useful tool in expressing parallelism, but it is not necessary. In both cases, the features must be part of the language syntax and not an extension such as a library (libraries such as the posix-thread library implement a parallel execution model but lack the syntax and grammar required to be a programming language).
The following categories aim to capture the main, defining feature of the languages contained, but they are not necessarily orthogonal.
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Main article: Dataflow programming |
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Main article: Distributed computing |
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Main articles: Event-driven programming and Hardware Description Language |
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Main article: Functional programming |
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Main article: Concurrent logic programming |
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Main article: Monitor (synchronization) |
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Main article: Multithreading (software) |
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Main article: Object-oriented programming |
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Main article: Partitioned global address space |
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Main article: Message passing |
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Main article: Actor model |
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Main article: Communicating sequential processes |
These application programming interfaces support parallelism in host languages.