The following is a list of Iranian mathematicians including ethnic Iranian mathematicians.
- Bahai, Sheikh (1547–1621), poet, mathematician, astronomer, engineer, designer, faghih (religious scientist), and architect
- Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (787–886), known in Latin as Albumasar
- Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (850–934), geographer and mathematician
- Al-Biruni (973–1048), astronomer and mathematician
- Sahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845?), astrologer, mathematician
- al-Birjandi (?–1528), astronomer and mathematician
- Caucher Birkar (1978- ), Kurdish-Iranian[1][2] mathematician, 2018 Fields medalist
- Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), astronomer, agriculturist, botanist, metallurgist, geographer, mathematician, and historian
- Karaji (953–1029)
- Jamshid-i Kashani (c. 1380–1429), astronomer and mathematician
- Khayyam, Omar (1048–1131), poet, mathematician, and astronomer
- Al-Kharaqī, astronomer and mathematician
- Khujandi (c. 940–c. 1000), mathematician and astronomer
- Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (a.k.a. Al-Khwarazmi, c. 780–c. 850), creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
- Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī, logician and philosopher
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, mathematician and astronomer
- Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani (d. after 1481), mathematician, astronomer
- Nasir Khusraw (1004–1088), scientist, Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poet
- Nasavi (c. 1010–c. 1075)
- Nizam al-Din Nishapuri, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, exegete, and poet
- Nayrizi (865–1022), mathematician and astronomer
- Ali Qushji (1403 – 16 December 1474), mathematician, astronomer and physician
- Samarqandi, Ashraf (c. 1250–c. 1310), mathematician, astronomer
- Ibn Sahl, mathematician, physicist
- Freydoon Shahidi, Distinguished Professor of Mathematics, Purdue University
- Sijzi (c. 945–c. 1020), mathematician, astronomer and astrologer
- Zayn al-Din Omar Savaji, philosopher and logician
- M. Vali Siadat, Distinguished Professor of Mathematics, University of Illinois at Chicago
- Ramin Takloo-Bighash (born 1974), number theorist, University of Illinois at Chicago
- Tusi, Nasireddin (1201–1274), Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian
- Tusi, Sharafeddin (?–1213/4)