Leader of the Government in the House of Commons of Canada | |
---|---|
(Leader du gouvernement à la Chambre des communes) | |
since August 19, 2016 | |
Office of the Government House Leader | |
Style | The Honourable |
Member of | |
Nominator | Prime Minister of Canada |
Appointer | Governor General of Canada |
Term length | At Her Majesty's pleasure |
Inaugural holder | Ian Alistair Mackenzie |
Formation | October 14, 1944 |
Deputy | Deputy Leader of the Government in the House of Commons |
Salary | $255,300 (2017)[1] |
Website | www.houseleader.gc.ca |
The Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (French: Leader du gouvernement à la Chambre des communes), more commonly known as the Government House Leader, is the Cabinet minister responsible for planning and managing the government's legislative program in the Canadian House of Commons.
The position is not legally entitled to cabinet standing on its own, so all Government House Leaders must simultaneously hold another portfolio. In recent years, sinecure assignments have been used to give House Leaders cabinet standing while allowing them to focus entirely on house business. The current House Leader is Bardish Chagger.
The Government House Leader works on the government's behalf by negotiating with the House Leaders of the Opposition parties. This often includes discussion over timetables and may include concessions to demands by opposition parties to ensure quick passage of a bill or opposition support. The position is especially crucial during periods of minority government, when no party has a majority in the House and the government must rely on the support of one or more Opposition parties to not only pass its legislative agenda but remain in power. The holder of the position must be an expert in parliamentary procedure in order to argue points of order before the Speaker of the House of Commons as well as be a good strategist and tactician in order to outmanoeuvre the opposition parties.
From 1867 until World War II, the Prime Minister of Canada took upon himself the responsibilities of being Leader of the Government in the House of Commons, organizing and coordinating House of Commons business with the other parties. The expansion of government responsibilities during the war led to Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King deciding to delegate the House leadership to one of his ministers. In 1946, the position of Government House Leader was formally recognized. In 1968, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau designated the Government House Leader as President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.
Under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, the roles of Government House Leader and President of the Privy Council were separated in 1989. Under Mulroney and his successors, the position of House Leader would often be held by someone who was named a Minister of State without any portfolio responsibilities specified. Since 2003, this Minister of State status has been obscured in all but the most official circumstances by the use of a "Leader of the Government in the House of Commons" style in its place.
Prime Minister Paul Martin's first House Leader, Jacques Saada was also Minister responsible for Democratic Reform; however, with the election of a minority government in the 2004 election, he appointed Tony Valeri to the position of Leader of the Government in the House of Commons with no additional responsibilities.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau appointed Bardish Chagger as House Leader on August 22, 2016. She retained the Minister of Small Business and Tourism portfolio. Chagger is Canada's first female House Leader.
Until 2005, the position of Government House Leader was not technically a cabinet-level post, but rather a parliamentary office, so to qualify for cabinet membership, an individual had to be named to cabinet in some other capacity. For a time, with the position having evolved into a full-time job, Government House Leaders have been named to cabinet as Ministers of State with no portfolio specified. The Martin government created these positions so that the Minister of State title is effectively invisible. An amendment to the Salaries Act made this unnecessary by listing the Government House Leader as a minister.[2]
Key:
House Leader | Other office held | Term of office | Prime Minister (Ministry) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rowspan="2" Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Ian Alistair Mackenzie | Minister of Pensions and National Health |
October 14, 1944 | October 17, 1944 | King (16) |
Minister of Veterans Affairs | October 18, 1944 | April 30, 1948 | |||
rowspan="2" Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Alphonse Fournier | Minister of Public Works | May 1, 1948 | November 15, 1948 | |
Minister of Public Works | November 15, 1948 | May 8, 1953 | St. Laurent (17) | ||
rowspan="2" Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Walter Edward Harris | Minister of Citizenship and Immigration | May 9, 1953 | June 30, 1954 | |
Minister of Finance | July 1, 1954 | April 12, 1957 | |||
rowspan="2" Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives | | Howard Charles Green | Minister of Public Works | October 14, 1957 | June 3, 1959 | Diefenbaker (18) |
Secretary of State for External Affairs | June 4, 1959 | July 18, 1959 | |||
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives | | Gordon Minto Churchill | Minister of Veterans Affairs | January 14, 1960 | February 5, 1963 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Jack Pickersgill | Secretary of State of Canada | May 16, 1963 | December 21, 1963 | Pearson (19) |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Guy Favreau | Minister of Justice | February 18, 1964 | October 29, 1964 | |
rowspan="2" Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | George James McIlraith | President of the QPCC | October 30, 1964 | July 6, 1965 | |
Minister of Public Works | July 7, 1965 | May 3, 1967 | |||
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Allan MacEachen (1st time) | Minister of Amateur Sport | May 4, 1967 | April 23, 1968 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Donald Stovel Macdonald | President of the QPCC | September 12, 1968 | September 23, 1970 | P.E. Trudeau (20) |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Allan MacEachen (2nd time) | President of the QPCC | September 24, 1970 | May 9, 1974 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Mitchell Sharp | President of the QPCC | August 8, 1974 | September 13, 1976 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Allan MacEachen (3rd time) | President of the QPCC | September 14, 1976 | March 26, 1979 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives | | Walter Baker | President of the QPCC | June 4, 1979 | March 2, 1980 | Clark (21) |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Yvon Pinard | President of the QPCC | March 3, 1980 | June 29, 1984 | P.E. Trudeau (22) |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | André Ouellet | President of the QPCC (also Minister of Labour)1 |
June 30, 1984 | November 4, 1984 | Turner (23) |
rowspan="2" Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives | | Ramon John Hnatyshyn2 | Minister of State (Government House Leader) |
November 5, 1984 | February 26, 1985 | Mulroney (24) |
President of the QPCC | February 27, 1985 | June 29, 1986 | |||
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives | | Don Mazankowski | President of the QPCC (also Deputy PM)3 |
June 30, 1986 | April 2, 1989 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives | | Doug Lewis (1st time) | Minister of Justice | April 3, 1989 | February 22, 1990 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives | | Harvie Andre | Minister of State | February 23, 1990 | June 24, 1993 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Progressive Conservatives | | Doug Lewis (2nd time) | Solicitor General4 | June 25, 1993 | November 3, 1993 | Campbell (25) |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Herb Gray | Solicitor General | November 4, 1993 | April 27, 1997 | Chrétien (26) |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Don Boudria (1st time) | Minister of State | June 11, 1997 | January 14, 2002 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Ralph Goodale | Minister of State | January 15, 2002 | May 25, 2002 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Don Boudria (2nd time) | Minister of State | May 26, 2002 | December 11, 2003 | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Jacques Saada | Minister of State styled as LGHC and Minister responsible for Democratic Reform"[3] |
December 12, 2003 | July 20, 2004 | Martin (27) |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Tony Valeri | Minister of State styled as LGHC[4] | July 20, 2004 | January 23, 2006 | |
Rob Nicholson | Minister for Democratic Reform[5] | February 6, 2006 | January 4, 2007 | Harper (28) | |
Peter Van Loan (1st time) | Minister for Democratic Reform[6] | January 4, 2007 | October 29, 2008 | ||
Jay Hill | October 30, 2008 | August 6, 2010 | |||
John Baird | August 6, 2010 | May 18, 2011 | |||
Peter Van Loan (2nd time) | May 18, 2011 | November 4, 2015 | |||
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Dominic LeBlanc | November 4, 2015 | August 19, 2016 | J. Trudeau (29) | |
Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal | | Bardish Chagger | August 19, 2016 | Incumbent |
1. The Turner Ministry never convened the House, so Ouellet never technically served as Government House Leader. He was also named "Minister of State for Economic and Regional Development".
2. During this period Erik Nielsen, the Conservative House Leader when the party had been in Opposition, had the position of President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. In practice this meant that Nielsen was senior Government House Leader in all but name and that Hnatyshyn was, in practice, Nielsen's deputy despite having the title of Government House Leader. This situation ended when Hnatyshyn became President of the Privy Council on February 27, 1985.
3. From August 27, 1987 Mazankowski was also President of the Treasury Board (until March 30, 1988) and Minister responsible for Privatization and Regulatory Affairs (until January 29, 1989). From September 15, 1988 he was also Minister of Agriculture.
4. The Campbell Ministry never convened the House, so Lewis never technically served as Government House Leader.
5. LeBlanc took over the portfolio after the resignation of Hunter Tootoo.
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