Kutubuan | |
---|---|
Laku Kutubu | |
Geographic distribution | Lake Kutubu region, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea |
Linguistic classification | Papuan Gulf ?
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Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | None |
The Kutubuan languages are a small family of neighboring languages families in Papua New Guinea. They are named after Lake Kutubu in Papua New Guinea.
There has been some debate over whether they are closer to each other than to other languages, but Usher includes them both in the Kikorian branch of the tentative Papuan Gulf stock. Within the two branches, the lexicostatistical figures are 60–70%. Between the two branches, they are 10–20%.
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[1]
gloss | Proto-Lake Kutubu |
---|---|
head | *uni |
hair/feather(s) | *iti |
eye/sixteen | *hʲĩ |
nose | *sabe |
tooth | *mete |
tongue | *atu |
foot/leg | *kotage |
bone | *kigi |
skin/bark | *ga[o/u] |
breast | *hʲokõ |
dog | *g[e/ẽ/a]s[a/ã] |
pig/game | *mena |
bird | *hʲaka |
egg | *kapa |
tree | *ita |
moon | *he̝ge̝ |
water | *hẽ |
fire | *ita |
stone | *kana |
path | *ig[i]a |
eat/drink | *ne- |
one | *hʲaga |
The following basic vocabulary words are from Franklin (1975), Franklin & Voorhoeve (1973), McElhanon and Voorhoeve (1970), and Shaw (1986), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[2]
gloss | Foi | Fasu (Namumi dialect) | Fasu |
---|---|---|---|
head | a̧řuhai | unahaie | wamo |
hair | u̧sæ̧ | unahai iti | iti; uni iti |
ear | yo ḳʰiyʌ | sinaeki; sinæki | senaki |
eye | i̧y | hi̧; hĩ | hi; hi̧; hĩ |
nose | s̭abɛi | sapasuma | sape |
tooth | ṱi | akai | mere |
tongue | auřu | airu | alu; aru |
leg | ṱamʌ | kofai; kɔfai | korake |
louse | ṱʌbʌľi | yapani | |
dog | ḳɛsʌ | kasa | kasa |
pig | girɔ | saro | |
bird | yaʔ | minai | mena |
egg | hʌ̧ⁱ | hai | mena hai |
blood | weḷia | kakusa | yapi |
bone | kʰikʰi | kiki | kiki |
skin | ḳaḳo | kau | kau |
breast | o̧ḳo̧ | hotu; hɔtu | hoko |
tree | iʔʌ | ira | ira |
man | amɛnʌ | abano; abanɔ | aporo |
woman | ḳa̧· | hinamu | hinamo |
sun | iřiyapo | iya; maiya; maya | maiya; maĩya |
moon | hɛḳɛ | hɩki | heke |
water | ipu | hi̧; hĩ | hẽ; hȩ; hę |
fire | iřʌ | irə kipu; irʌkupi | dufi; ira lufi |
stone | kʰa̧nʌ | ɩki | eke |
name | yaᵽo | iyanu | yano |
eat | niyæi | nesi | anene; na |
one | mɛna̧ḳɛ | hakasa; nakasa | meno |
two | ha̧ḳɛ | tita | teta |
Proposed Kutubu reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[3]