For the tiger iris, see Tigridia pavonia.

Iris tigridia
From Altai, Russia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Iris
Section:
Pseudoregelia
Species:
Iris tigridia
Binomial name
Iris tigridia
Synonyms
  • Iris pandurata Maxim.
  • Iris tigridia var. tigridia (Unknown)[1]
  • Iris pygmaea Pallas
  • Iris pumilae affinis Pallas
  • Iris praecox Pallas. [2]

Iris tigridia is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Pseudoregelia section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China. It has

Biochemistry

In 2003, a study was carried out on the chromosome sequencing of various Irises from the Siberian region of central Asia. They sequenced the rbcL gene from some Siberian Iris species belonging to different subgenera including, Iris halophila, Iris ludwigii, Iris uniflora, Iris pseudacorus and Iris laevigata. Their results supported [Brian Mathew]]’s classification from 1989. That Iris bloudowii, Iris humilis, Iris ivanovae, Iris tigridia, and Iris glaucescens form a cluster.[3]

In 2011, a chromosome and karyotype analysis study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris tigridia. It found that the chromosome number of Iris tigridia was 2n=18.[4]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[5] It has been counted several times. Including by Doronkin in 1984.[2] It has been counted as 2n=18,[4] 20,[6][2] 22,[6][7][8] 24,[6][2] 28,[6] 32,[6] 34,[2] 38,[6][9] and 40.[6][2]

Taxonomy

It is written as 粗根鸢尾 in chinese script and known as cu gen yuan wei in Pidgin.[10][11]

It is also commonly known as 'thick-root iris' in China.[11] or 'coarse roots iris'.[12] In Russia, it is commonly known as 'tiger Iris'.[12][13][14]

It is known as 'Bartsooxor tsaxildag' in Mongolian.[15]

The Latin specific epithet tigridia refers to 'tigris' or tiger-like. This refers to the colour marking of the perianth,[16][17] or the rather motley coloured flower of the iris.[18]

It was first published and described (written in Latin) by Carl Friedrich von Ledebour and Alexander Andrejewitsch von Bunge in 'Flora Altaica' Vol.1 on page 60 in 1829.[19][20][21]

It was then published by Ledebour in 'Icones Plantarum novarum vel imperfecte cognitarum Floram rossicam' (Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross.) tab. 342. in 1830 (or 1833,[12]) with a colour illustration,[2] then by Maxim in the 'Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences St Petersburg' (Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb.) Vol.26 on page530 in 1880 and by C.H. Wright in the 'Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany' (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.) Vol.36 on page 85 in 1903.

It was once placed with Iris potaninii and Iris pumila in the Pogoniris group,[22] before being re-classified as in the Pseudoregelia section.

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 19 May 1999, then updated on 1 December 2004.[11]

It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.[23]

Iris tigridia is an accepted name by the RHS, it was last listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2014.[24]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate Asia.[11][25][23]

It is endemic to the north-east Asia,[26] from the Altai mountain range and Siberia to Manchuria in China.[22][27][21]

Range

It is found in Russia,[12][6][8] within the Russian states of Aga-Buryat, Buryatia,[28] Chita,[28] Chukchi, Gorno-Altay, Irkutsk, Magadan, Tuva,[29][28][26] and Yakutia (Sakha).[11] Including the Altai mountains,[20][29][30] Altai Republic,[29][26] and Trans-Baikal region.[28]

Within middle Asia, it is found in Mongolia,[12][31][32](in the territories of Khubsugul, Khentei, Khangai, Mongol-Daurian and Middle Khalkha,[33]) and in Kazakhstan.[7][11][10]

It is also found in China,[6][28][8] within the provinces of Gansu, Heilongjiang,[12] Jilin,[12] Liaoning,[12] Nei Monggol,[12] Qinghai, Shanxi,[12] and Sichuan.[11][7][23]

It is listed with Iris bloudowii, Iris glaucescens, Iris ruthenica, Iris sibirica, Iris tenuifolia and Iris psammocola (another Pseudoregelia Iris) as being found in the Altai-Sayan region (where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together).[34]

Habitat

It grows in (rocky or gravelly) screes,[28][29][35] on the dry hillsides (or slopes),[29][33][26] in dunes,[23] in sandy meadows or grasslands,[12][23][18] in steppes,[28][35][33] and beside forest margins.[10][7]

They can be found at an altitude of 0–2,000 m (0–6,562 ft) above sea level.[28][26]

Conservation

It is listed as 'rare' in Russia,[36] only single specimens are found.[28] It is also rare in Mongolia.[33]

It is listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation,[13][26] the Data Book of the Altai Republic,[13] (or Territory),[29][26] of USSR,[13][26] of the Tuva Republic,[13][26] and the Republic of Khakassia,[13][26] and of Kazakhstan.[14]

It is found in Dauria and Sokhondinsky State Biosphere Reserve (in Chita).[13]

Cultivation

It is hardy to Zone H3 in Europe.[37] Meaning that it is hardy to -10 to -15oC (14 to 5oF).[38] In non-hardy areas, it can be grown in an alpine house or bulb frame.[27] Due to the fact that the plant needs to be protected from winter moisture.[28]

It has been tested for hardiness in Russia, in the botanical gardens of Barnaul (The South-Siberian Botanical Garden), Novosibirsk (Central Siberian Botanical Garden) , Chita (Trans-Baikal Botanical Garden) and Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden. Only in St. Petersburg, it was found to be not hardy.[28]

It can be grown in well drained soils, in a sunny position.[27][28]

It can be grown in a rock garden.[22][28]

It is thought best planted between August and September.[22]

Propagation

It can be propagated by division or by seed growing. It can only be divided, when the plant makes new side-shoots.[29]

Hybrids and Cultivars

Several cultivars have been introduced including;

All 4 cultivars are between 12 cm to 14 cm tall, flower between April and May, are hardy, drought tolerant and salt tolerant.[39][40]

Iris tigridia var. fortis (Y. T. Zhao) is listed as a variant from (Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi) in China. It grows 10–20 cm (4–8 in) tall, with violet flowers.[8][6]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[41]

Uses

It is used in gardens, also in herbal medicines,[33] and as a fodder plant for farm animals.[33][15]

It has been eaten by cattle and horses, at most times of the year. It is also consumed by goats but it is thought to be an undesirable food source.[15]

References

  1. ^ "Iris tigridia Bunge ex Ledeb. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2015. ((cite web)): no-break space character in |title= at position 5 (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Franco, Alain (29 November 2013). "(SPEC) Iris tigridia Bunge". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 17 July 2015. ((cite web)): no-break space character in |title= at position 7 (help)
  3. ^ Makarevitch, Irina; Golovnina, Kseniya; Scherbik, Svetlana; Blinov, Alexander (2003). "Phylogenetic Relationships Of The Siberian Iris Species Inferred From Noncoding Chloroplast Dna Sequences". Int. J. Plant Sci. 164 (2). The University of Chicago: 229–237. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  4. ^ a b Xiaoying, Bi; Zhiwei, Zhao; Yang, Zheng; Dongsheng, Li (2011). "Staining and Slide-preparing Technique of Chromosome and Karyotype Analysis of Iris tigridia" (PDF). Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 27 (13): 157–160. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference ClaireAustin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cite error: The named reference pacific was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference irisbotanique was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference signa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference british was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference efloras was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b c d e f g "Taxon: Iris tigridia Bunge". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cite error: The named reference csdb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ a b c d e f g "Iris tigridia Bunge". oopt.aari.ru. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  14. ^ a b "Red Book (Flora) 2". innature.kz. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  15. ^ a b c "Palatability Of Mongolian Rangeland Plants, Circular of Information No. 3". Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center. December 2005. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  16. ^ D. Gledhill The Names of Plants, p. 390, at Google Books
  17. ^ Smith, A.W.; Stearn, William T. (1972). A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). Cassell and Company (published 1963). p. 314. ISBN 0304937215.
  18. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference gasu was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Carl Friedrich von Ledebour, Karl Anton Meyer and Alexander von Bunge Flora Altaica: Classis 1 - 5, Volume 1 (1829) , p. 60, at Google Books
  20. ^ a b "Iridaceae Iris tigridia Bunge". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 17 July 2015. ((cite web)): no-break space character in |title= at position 10 (help)
  21. ^ a b "Iris tigridia Bunge ex Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 60 (1829)". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  22. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference handbook was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ a b c d e "Iris cuniculiformis". eol.org. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  24. ^ "Iris tigridia". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference aril was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cite error: The named reference red was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference cassidy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Cite error: The named reference onego was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference lesnoj was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ M.S. Mani Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects, p. 358, at Google Books
  31. ^ Cite error: The named reference stebbings was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  32. ^ P.D. Gunin, Elizabeth A. Vostokova, Nadezhda I. Dorofeyuk, Pavel E. Tarasov, Clanton C. Black (Editors) Vegetation Dynamics of Mongolia, p. 185, at Google Books
  33. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference icc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ "Biodiversity of Altai-Sayan Ecoregion". bioaltai-sayan.ru. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  35. ^ a b "Scientific name:Iris tigridia Bunge". greif.uni-greifswald.de. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  36. ^ "The exhibition "Iris Russia"". flower-iris.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  37. ^ Cite error: The named reference European was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  38. ^ "Plant Hardiness". theseedsite.co. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  39. ^ Luo, Gang-Jun; Bi, Xiao-Ying; Meng, Tong-Fei; Zheng, Yang; Xu, Wen-Ji; Lei, Jia-Jun (2014). "New Iris tigridia Cultivars 'Violet Peafowl', 'Starry Diamond'，'Rainbow in May' and 'Bright Vitas'". Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 41 (10): 2163–2164. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  40. ^ Murrain, Jim (12 August 2013). "Perks of the "job"". theamericanirissociety.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  41. ^ David G Spoerke and Susan C. SmolinskeToxicity of Houseplants, p. 236, at Google Books

Other sources

External links

Media related to Iris tigridia at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Iris tigridia at Wikispecies

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