This is a list of all articles related to geology – Scientific study of the composition, structure, and history of Earth that cannot be readily placed on the following subtopic pages:

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Geology
Science of the solid Earth
Index Outline Category Glossary History (Timeline)
Key components Minerals Rock (Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic) Sediment Plate tectonics Strata Weathering Erosion Geologic time scale
Laws, principles, theories Stratigraphic principles Principle of original horizontality Law of superposition Principle of lateral continuity Principle of cross-cutting relationships Principle of faunal succession Principle of inclusions and components Walther's law
Topics Composition Geochemistry Mineralogy Sedimentology Petrology Structure of Earth Landform structures Geomorphology Glaciology Structural Geology Volcanology Geologic history Geological history of Earth
Research Branches of geology Geologist (List) Methods Geological survey
Applications Engineering Mining Forensics Military
Planetary geology Lists of geological features of the Solar System Geology of solar terrestrial planets By planet and body Mercury Venus Moon Mars Vesta Ceres Io Titan Triton Pluto Charon
Geology portal
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A

• Asthenosphere – Highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductile region of Earth's mantle
• Astrogeology – Geology of astronomical objects apparently in orbit around stellar objects
• Aulacogen – Failed arm of a triple junction, an inactive rift zone

B

• Batholith – Large igneous rock intrusion
• Beach – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water
• Bolide – Extremely bright meteor

C

• Calcium – chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs
• Cave – Natural underground space large enough for a human to enter
• Cement – Hydraulic binder used in the composition of mortar and concrete
• Cementation – Process of chemical precipitation bonding sedimentary grains
• Cenozoic – Third era of the Phanerozoic Eon
• Coast – Area where land meets the sea or ocean
• Concretion – Compact mass formed by precipitation of mineral cement between particles
• Conglomerate – Sedimentary rock composed of smaller rock fragments
• Continent – Large geographical region identified by convention
• Convergent boundary – Region of active deformation between colliding tectonic plates
• Crag and tail – Geographic feature created by glaciation
• Crust – Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies

D

• Datum (geodesy) – Reference frame for measuring location
• Deposition – Geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass
• Diapir – Type of geologic intrusion
• Dike – A sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body
• Divergent boundary – Linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
• Drumlin – Elongated hill formed by glacial action

E

• Earth science – Fields of natural science related to Earth
• Environmental engineering – Engineering discipline related to environmental science
• Environmental geography – Intersection of human and physical geography
• Eon – Subdivision of geological time; shorter than a supereon and longer than an era
• Epigenesis
• Epoch – Subdivision of geological time; shorter than a period and longer than an age
• Era – Subdivision of geological time; shorter than an eon and longer than a period
• Eustasy – Global sea level independent of local factors

F

• Fahlband – Stratum in crystalline rock, containing metallic minerals
• Fall line – Meeting point of uplands and coastal plain
• Felsic – Igneous rock rich in silica and feldspar

G

• Geologic age – Smallest hierarchical geochronologic unit
• Geologic fault – Fracture or discontinuity in displaced rock
• Geologic modelling – Applied science of creating computerized representations of portions of the Earth's crust
• Geologic period – Geologic time unit shorter than an era, longer than an epoch
• Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time
• Geological phenomenon
• Geologist – Scientist who studies geology
• Geology – Scientific study of the composition, structure, and history of Earth
• Geology of the Alps – The formation and structure of the European Alps
• Geomorphology – Scientific study of landforms
• Geostatistics – Branch of statistics focusing on spatial data sets
• Geyser – Natural explosive eruption of hot water
• Glacial period, also known as Glaciation – Interval of time within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances
• Graben – Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults

H

• Hadean – Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
• Horst (geology) – Raised fault block bounded by normal faults
• Hotspot (geology) – Volcanic region hotter than the surrounding mantle

I

• Igneous rock – Rock formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
• Integrated geography – Intersection of human and physical geography
• Isostasy – State of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle

K

• Karst – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks

L

• Laccolith – Mass of igneous rock formed from magma
• List of geologists – List of Wikipedia articles on notable geologists
• List of tectonic plates – Overview of different types of tectonic plates
• List of rock types – List of rock types recognized by geologists
• Lithosphere – Outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite
• Lithotope – Geological term

M

• Mafic – Silicate mineral or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron
• Mantle (geology) – Layer inside a planet between core and crust
• Marine regression – Geologic event in which sea level falls relative to the land
• Mass wasting – Movement of rock or soil down slopes
• Matrix (geology) – Finer-grained material in a rock within which coarser material is embedded
• Metamorphic rock – Rock that was subjected to heat and pressure
• Meteorite – Solid debris from outer space that hits a planetary surface
• Mineral – Crystalline chemical element or compound formed by geologic processes
• Mining engineering – Engineering discipline
• Mudpot – Hot spring, or fumarole, with limited water
• Mud volcano – Landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases

N

O

• Orogeny – The formation of mountain ranges

P

• Paleontology – Study of life before the Holocene epoch
• Pedology – Study of soils in their natural environment
• Permeability (materials science) – Measure of the ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it
• Petroleum engineering – Extracting crude oil and natural gas
• Phosphate – Anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid
• Piercement structure – Type of geologic intrusion
• Planetary geology – Geology of astronomical objects apparently in orbit around stellar objects
• Plate tectonics – Movement of Earth's lithosphere
• Porphyry (geology) – Movement of Earth's lithosphere
• Proterozoic – Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago

Q

R

• Regression (geology) – Geologic event in which sea level falls relative to the land
• Relative density – Ratio of two densities
• Rift – Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart
• Rock (geology) – Naturally occurring mineral aggregate
• Rock strata – Layers of sediment, rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics
• Rodinia – Hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent
• Rubidium–strontium dating – Radiometric dating technique for rocks and minerals

S

• Sand – Granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles
• Sandstone – Type of sedimentary rock
• Sediment trap – Any topographic depression where sediments substantially accumulate over time
• Sedimentary rock – Rock formed by the deposition and cementation of particles
• Sequence stratigraphy – Study and analysis of groups of sedimentary deposits
• Silicate mineral – Rock-forming minerals with predominantly silicate anions
• Sill – Tabular intrusion between older layers of rock
• Stratigraphy – Study of rock layers and their formation
• Stratum – Layer of sediment, rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics
• Subduction – A geological process at convergent tectonic plate boundaries where one plate moves under the other

T

• Tar pit – Asphalt pit or asphalt lake
• Tenham (meteorite) – Chondritic meteorite that fell in 1879 in a remote area of Queensland, Australia
• Timeline of geology – Chronological list of notable events in the history of the science of geology
• Transform fault – Plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal
• Transgression (geology) – Geologic event in which sea level rises relative to the land

U

• Uniformitarianism – Assumption that the natural laws and processes of the universe are constant through time and space

V

• Volcano – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes

W

X

Y

Z