Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix,[4] baptized Quirin Frideric de Forcade, aka Friedrich Quirin von Forcade, aka Frédéric Quérin de Forcade[5] (* 11 January 1699,[2]Berlin;[2] † 23 March 1765,[2] Berlin[1]), was a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General,[1][6][7] the second son of Jean de Forcade de Biaix, an early Huguenot immigrant to Brandenburg-Prussia and a descendant of the noble family of Forcade. He was one of Frederick the Great's most active and most treasured officers.[8][9] He was wounded three times and once left for dead on the battlefield. Together with his wife, he fathered 23 children.[8]
Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix was the second son of Lieutenant General Jean de Forcade de Biaix (1663–1729) and his wife, the Baroness Juliane von Honstedt, daughter of the Major General Baron Quirin von Honstedt,[6][10][11] from Württemberg but in the service of Prussia. His baptismal Godfather was Frederick I of Prussia.
Von Forcade is erroneously referred to in some Prussian 19th century historical sources as the Marquis de Biaix,[3][9][14] but for neither his father or him there is evidence that he was a marquis. Biaix was not a marquisate, but rather a noble house. He was also never the Seigneur de Biaix; that title, inherited from the grandfather who purchased the Biaix Manor in 1659, went to h is father's eldest brother and then to his son.[15]
Military career
The lives and careers of both Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix and his father are intricately linked to the history of the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment, founded in 1713 and disbanded in 1806. Forcade spent the majority of his career on the infantry side of this regiment. The regiment also included a company of Grenadiers, the 2nd Grenadier Company. It was garrisoned in Berlin from 1716 until 1806. He later commanded the entire regiment, including the Grenadiers, for 17 years, (14 July 1748 - 23 March 1765). His father commanded the regiment during 13 years (February 1716 - 2 February 1729). During much of its existence, as well as more than 200 years after, it was referred to as Forcade's Regiment. The Regiment is immortalized in the German military marching composition "Das Regiment Forcade" that was in use as late as World War II.
Following Brandenburg-Prussia's declaration of war against Sweden in the summer of 1715, Forcade fought in the Pomeranian Campaigns. He fought at the Siege of Stralsund[16][18] (15 June 1715 - 23 December 1715), where he was wounded for the first time, the storming of the Peenemuende Lair (21–22 August 1715) and on Rügen Island (16–18 November 1715).
24 January 1721,[16][6] promoted to captain[16][6] in his father's Regiment,[16][6] the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment.[16][7] At the time, still commonly referred to as the Regiment von Sydow.
He fought near Glogau (29 December 1740 - 2 January 1741), Breslau (29 December 1740 - 2 January 1741), Ottmachau Palace (12 January 1741), Troppau (23 January 1740), Graetz (25 January 1741), the Battle of Mollwitz[16][18] (10 April 1741), at Neisse (19 October 1741 - 31 October 1741), Laa (12 March 1742), Bruenn (31 March 1742 - 3 April 1742), Austerlitz (10 April 1742) and Wartha (25–26 May 1742).
Another episode in 1746 demonstrates just how much KingFrederick the Great treasured Forcade. During a ritual presentation at court at the Berlin Palace, Forcade had to lean on a window because of his wounded right foot. The King personally brought him a chair, graciously saying: "My dear Colonel von Forcade, so brave and worthy a man, as He is, well deserves that even the King himself brings him a chair."[8][18][17][9][19][20]
In 1747, on occasion of the baptism of his son, Friedrich Heinrich Ferdinand Leopold, the KingFrederick the Great was the Godfather. As a gift, the King ordered von Forcade to accept the title of Drost zu Neuenrade (the Official responsible for the militarily administrative district of Neuenrade) in the County of Mark with the royal command that it be later transferred to the child.[9]
Appointed on 14 July 1748 as Regimentschef[16] of his father's old regiment,[16] the 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment,[16][7] at the time also referred to as Donha's Regiment, after his predecessor, Count Christoph zu Dohna.[18][9][21]
When the King took possession of Leuthen, he personally wrote of von Forcade:
English translation:"My dear Lieutenant General von Forkade. I know that he has endured much at this siege, and it is our fortune because of him, that we were soon able to become masters of the city, because he otherwise, without my being able to help or relieve him, would have had to endure even more. So I thank him for it, and because he endured the most here : so shall he also alone have the honor from it. So, I herewith award him not only the Order of the Black Eagle, but also appointed him as Lieutenant governor of Breslau. I have awarded the vacant {command of} the BremenGrenadier Company in Golz' Regiment to his eldest son, who is my Adjutant, because he well deserves it".
Forcade was wounded again at the Zorndorf.[18][17][7][23] The Prussians lost 12,800 men, the Russians lost 18,000 men at Zorndorf. Forcade lost 1,600 of his men that day, 800 each from his infantry and Grenadiers, as well as the Grenadier's commanding officer, Major Ernst Sigismund von Wedell.
He again lost 1,600 of his men again at Hochkirch, 800 each from his infantry and Grenadiers, where the Prussians were defeated on the battlefield.
1759
the Battle of Friedland in Bohemia (9 September 1759); Infantry
During this successful battle, Forcade's infantry took 700 prisoners and destroyed an important munitions depot.
Although Forcade's Grenadiers won the Battle of Grethen against 4,000 Austrians, they lost their commanding officer, Major Joachim Friedrich von Rathenow, who died from his wounds a week after the battle.
A cabinet order of the King on 19 May 1763 created a War Tribunal, presided over by Lieutenant General von Forcade, together with Lieutenant Generals von Wedell, von Czetteritz and von Wylich.[25]
Final Years
The proverb "Brave wie Forcade" (Brave like Forcade) became a standard expression of valor in the Prussian Army during the 18th century. "Das Regiment Forcade (hat nie ein Feind besiegt)" (lyrics by Georg von Kries, melody by Hans Hertel, 1906) was long a standard, at times mandatory, composition in the German military song repertoire.
Legacy
Following his death in 1765, his widow received a handwritten letter[18] in French from King Frederick the Great, praising him.[9][26]
He was interred following a state funeral where he was given a vault for himself and his family in the crypts under the Old Garrison Church in Berlin, which was destroyed during the allied bombing of Berlin on 23 November 1943.[citation needed]
Heraldic Symbolism: The lion symbolizes courage; the eradicated oak tree symbolizes strength and endurance; the towers are symbols of defense and of individual fortitude; the mullets (5-star) symbolizes divine quality bestowed by god; the rose is a symbol of hope and joy; the fleur-de-lis is the floral emblem of France; the coronet is a symbol of victory, sovereignty and empire. A Count's coronet to demonstrate rank and because the family originally served the counts of Foix and Béarn during the English Wars in the Middle Ages.
Marriage
Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix originally intended to marry a daughter of French Baron François Mathieu Vernezobre de Laurieux (1690–1748).[30] The rich baron and his family had left Paris after the collapse of John Law's Mississippi Company in 1720 and befriended King Frederick William I of Prussia. When the King ordered Vernezobre to marry his daughter to von Forcade de Biaix, who she rejected, the marriage was only averted when Vernezobre agreed to undertake the construction of a prestigious city residence for the King, referred to as the Vernezobre'sche Palais, located at Husarenstraße 102, later renamed in his honor to Wilhelmstrasse 102, after the King's death in 1740.
Over a period of 25 years, the couple had 23 children,[5][8][18][32] including four said to be stillborn.[5][18] Eleven survived[5][8][18] their father, of which four were sons.[5] Known are:
Charlotte Sophie von Forcade de Biaix (* 30 July 1730, Berlin; † 15 March, 1794, Ober Langenöls, Silesia), ∞ 29 July 1748 in Berlin-Garnisonkirche with Heinrich Siegismund von Eberhard († 5 March 1757). She was presented for baptism on 8 August 1730 in her parents' home in Berlin by BaronFriderich Charles, de Montolieu, the King's Chamberlain and the child's maternal uncle, and by DamePhilippine Sophie de Forcade de Biaix, wife of MajorPaul Albrecht de Glereau (sometimes written de Gleveau) and the child's paternal aunt, his Godparents.
Louise Susanne[36] von Forcade de Biaix (* 4 December 1731, Berlin) ∞ on 17 November 1756 in Berlin with Carl Bernhard Feriherr von Prittwitz und Gaffron (* 29 March 1735; † 7 September 1786, Berlin).[37][38] She was presented for baptism on 14 December 1731 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Forcade's commanding officerColonel Egidius Ehrentreich von Sydow, BaronEberhard Wilhelm von Honstedt, Louise Charlotte von Sturm, wife of Colonel Christian Reinhold von Derschau, and by Susanne de Montolieu, Baroness de Saint-Hippolyte, wife of Lieutenant Colonel Henri le Chenevix de Beville and the child's maternal aunt, collectively the Godparents.
Twin: Françoise Wilhelmine von Forcade de Biaix, the younger twin (* 25 February 1734, Berlin; † 25 May 1734, Berlin). The child was presented for baptism on 7 March 1734 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Johann Moritz von Viebahn, Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) and Auditor General of the Prussian Army in the Department of Criminal Affairs, and by Miss Sophia Wilhelmine von Kameke,Lady in Waiting (French: Dame d'Honneur) to the Queen of Prussia, Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, daughter of Paul Anton von Kameke, the Grand Master of the King's wardrobe (French: Grand-maître de la garde-robe du roi) [46] and his wife, Ilse Anna von Brünnow, the Grande Maîtresse to the royal household.[47]
Leonore Wilhelmine Albertine Susanne von Forcade de Biaix (* 9 August 1750, Berlin). She was baptized on 30 August 1750 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt. Her Godparents were the Count von Besse, General Field MarshalAlexander Hermann Count von Wartensleben, BaronJohann Georg von Reisewitz, Squire (French: Écuyer, German: Stallmeister)[63] to Prince Henry of Prussia, the Queen Mother's Lord Marshall (German: OberhofmarschallFrench: Grand-Maréchal), BaronErnst Maximilian von Reist Sweerts (sometimes von Sverts and von Schwertz), Director of the Berlin Opera, CountessEleonora Lucia von Ilten, widow of Georg Christoph von Schlieben, Grand Huntsman (German: OberjägermeisterFrench: Grand veneur), Charlotte Wilhelmine von Grävenitz, widow of Major General Georg Konrad von der Goltz, the widow of Baronvon Klessing, and Countess Eleonore Louise Albertine von Schlieben, widow of BaronDietrich Cesarion von Keyserlingk and formerly Lady-in-Waiting (German: Ehrendame, French: Dame d'honneur) to Queen Elisabeth Christine. She may have married a von Woldeck. Historical literature published in 1799 about the Huguenot community in Prussia make specific reference to such a marriage, but without precision as to whether it was a daughter or a sister of Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix.[64]
^Genealogisch-historische Nachrichten von den Allerneuesten Begebenheiten, welche sich an den e Europäischen Höfen zutragen, worinn zugleich Wieler Standes-Personen und anderer Berühmter Leute Lebens-Beschreibungen vorkommen, als eine Fortsetzung des Genealog. Histor. Archivarii. Der I. Theil, Volume 14, Verlag Johann Samuel Heinsius, Leipzig, 1739, pp. 243-245
^Fohann Friedrich Gauhen (1747), Des Heil. Röm. Reichs Genealogisch-Historisches Adels-Lexic, Zweiter und letzter Theil, Johann Friedrich Gleditsch, Leipzig (in German)
^Margravine Wilhelmine (consort of Friedrich, Margrave of Bayreuth): Mémoires Frédérique Sophie Wilhelmine, Margrave de Bareith, Soeur de Frédéric le Grand, depuis l'Année 1706 jusqu'à 1742, Écrits de sa Main, Nouvelle Édition. Tome Premier, Frédéric Vieweg & Fils, Brunswick, 1845, p. 13 (in French)
^Margravine Wilhelmine (consort of Friedrich, Margrave of Bayreuth): Mémoires Frédérique Sophie Wilhelmine, Margrave de Bareith, Soeur de Frédéric le Grand, depuis l'Année 1706 jusqu'à 1742, Écrits de sa Main, Nouvelle Édition. Tome Premier, Frédéric Vieweg & Fils, Brunswick, 1845, p. 6 (in French)
^Margravine Wilhelmine (consort of Friedrich, Margrave of Bayreuth): Mémoires Frédérique Sophie Wilhelmine, Margrave de Bareith, Soeur de Frédéric le Grand, depuis l'Année 1706 jusqu'à 1742, Écrits de sa Main, Nouvelle Édition. Tome Premier, Frédéric Vieweg & Fils, Brunswick, 1845, p. 259 (in French)
^Œuvres de Frédéric le Grand - Werke Friedrichs des Großen, Digitale Ausgabe der Universitätsbibliothek Trier (in German)
^Neues Genealogisch-Schematisches Reichs- und Staats- Hand-buch: vor das Jahr MDCCLX von welchem der Inhalt auf der nachfolgenden Seite befindlich ist. Mit Römisch Kayserlicher Majestät allergnädigster Freiheit. Franz Barrentrop, Frankfurt am Main 1760 p. 310 (in German)
^Louis Gabriel Michaud, Joseph Fr. Michaud: Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne, Volume 11, Paris, 1814, p. 480 (in French)
^Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch, Neues preußisches Adelslexicon oder genealogische und ..., Volume 1, p. 41 (in German)
^Rolf Straubel, Biographisches Handbuch der preußischen Verwaltungs- und Justizbeamten 1740-1806/15, Teil 1, Biographien A-L, K.G. Saur, München 2009, p. 521 (in German)
^Königsberg deutsch-reform. Burgkirche, Bestattungen 1765-1782, p. 133
^L'esprit des journaux, français et étrangers ; par une société de gens de lettres. Trente-deuxième année, l'Imprimerie du Journal, Brussels, January 1803, pp. 35-51 (in French)
Archiv der Stiftung Zentralstelle für Personen- und Familiengeschichte, Berlin-Dahlem
Blažek, Konrad (1894). "Forcade de Biaix"(image/x.djvu). Der abgestorbene Adel der Preussischen Provinz Schlesien. Dritter Theil [The Extinct Nobility of the Prussian Province of Silesia. Third Part.]. J. Siebmacher's grosses und allgemeines Wappenbuch in einer neuen, vollständig geordneten und reich vermehrten Auflage mit heraldischen und historisch- genealogischen Erläuterungen (in German). Vol. Sechsten Bandes Achte Abtheilung. Nürnberg: Bauer & Raspe. pp. 131–132, 267 (table 85). Retrieved 11 July 2017 – via Biblioteka Śląska, Katowice.
Bourrachot, Lucile: Une famille protestante de l'Agenais et ses cousins allemands : les Digeon de Monteton. Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 81, N°91, 1969. p. 59 (in French)
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Dufau de Maluquer, Armand de & Jaurgain, Jean de: Armorial de Béarn, 1696-1701 : extrait du recueil officiel dressé par ordre de Louis XIV [sous la direction de C. d'Hozier] / texte publié d'après les manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale et accompagné de notes bigraphiques, historiques et généalogiques, Tome 2, Pau 1893, Pages 473-474. (in French)
Erman, Jean Pierre & Reclam, Peter Christian Friedrich: Mémoires Pour Servir à l'Histoire des Réfugiés François dans les États du Roi - Tome 3, Berlin 1784, p. 172. (in French)
Erman, Jean Pierre & Reclam, Peter Christian Friedrich: Mémoires Pour Servir à l'Histoire des Réfugiés François dans les États du Roi - Tome 8, Frédéric Barbiez, Berlin 1794, pp. 217–219 (in French)
Erman, Jean Pierre & Reclam, Peter Christian Friedrich: Mémoires Pour Servir à l'Histoire des Réfugiés François dans les États du Roi - Tome 9: Tableau des Militaires et des Nobles Appartenans aux Colonies Françoises des États du Roi depuis l'Époque du Refuge, Berlin 1799, pp 119–121. (in French)
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Heinsius, Johann Samuel (Verlag): Fortgesetzte neue genealogisch-historische Nachrichten von den vornehmsten Begebenheiten, welche sich an den europäischen Höfen zutragen, worinn zugleich vieler Stands-Personen Lebens-Beschreibungen vorkommen. Der 49.-54. Theil (1764-1765), Leipzig 1766, Page 241, Nr. V (in German)
Heinsius, Johann Samuel (Verlag): Fortgesetzte neue genealogisch-historische Nachrichten von den vornehmsten Begebenheiten, welche sich an den europäischen Höfen zutragen, worinn zugleich vieler Stands-Personen Lebens-Beschreibungen vorkommen. Der 73.-84. Theil (1766-1767), Leipzig 1768, Page 825, Nr. XI (in German)
Heinsius, Johann Samuel (Verlag): Fortgesetzte neue genealogisch-historische Nachrichten von den vornehmsten Begebenheiten, welche sich an den europäischen Höfen zutragen, worinn zugleich vieler Stands-Personen Lebens-Beschreibungen vorkommen. Der 157.-168. Theil (1774-1776), Leipzig 1775-1777, Page 471, Nr. 5 (in German)
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O'Gilvy, Gabriel & Bourrousse de Laffore, Pierre Jules de: Nobiliaire de Guienne et de Gascogne. Revue des familles d'ancienne chevalerie ou anoblies de ces provinces, antérieures à 1789, avec leurs généalogies et armes, Tome 3, Paris 1860, Pages 169-185. (in French)
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Schöning, Kurd Wolfgang von: Der Siebenjährige Krieg : unter allerhöchster königlicher Bewilligung nach der Original-Correspondenz Friedrich des Großen mit dem Prinzen Heinrich und Seinen Generalen aus den Staats-Archiven bearbeitet, Band 2, 1851, Pages 260, 266, 273, 276, 291, 303, 307, 314, 316 and 320. (in German and French)
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Zedlitz-Neukirch, Leopold von: Neues preußisches Adelslexicon oder genealogische und diplomatische Nachrichten von den in der preussischen Monarchie ansässigen oder zu derselben in Beziehung stehenden fürstlichen, gräflichen, freiherrlichen und adeligen Häusern mit der Angabe ihrer Abstammung, ihres Besitzthums, ihres Wappens und der aus ihnen hervorgegangenen Civil- und Militärpersonen, Helden, Gelehrten und Künstler: P - Z, Band 4, 1837, Pages 390-392. (in German)
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