History
Between 1908 and 1909, four large mining companies, the Great Western, the Calumet & Arizona, the Copper Queen and the Leadville, began digging for copper ore in the Dragoon Mountains. As result, hundreds of settlers came and established a tent city almost overnight. Within a short time, the Mexico & Colorado Railroad, which was owned by the El Paso & Southwestern, and the Arizona & Colorado Railroad, owned by Southern Pacific, built lines to the town to accomodate new settlers.[2][3]
A post office was established on March 13, 1909, and during the same year the Courtland Arizonian printed its first newspaper. At its height, Courtland had a population of 2,000 and by the time it became a ghost town there was a car dealership, an ice cream parlor, a movie theater, a baseball field and a horse racing track, as well as more necessary buildings, such as houses, hotels and the county branch jail.[2]
The boom did not last long though. Within ten years the profits from the mines began to shrink and in 1921 a "mass exodus" occurred. At first the Dragoons seemed to be rich in copper, however, beginning in 1917, one mine shaft after another tapped into a layer of limestone 300 feet down. This eventually led to the abandonment of the mines, although a post office remained open until September 30, 1942.[2]
The Courtland Jail
Today, the Courtland Jail is the only structure that remains standing at the town site. After the exodus, many of the buildings were sold and moved away or were destroyed over time. The Courtland Jail was built in June of 1909, after an incident with a Mexican man who was imprisoned there. The old "jail" was a small derelict mine shaft with a wooden door. On the morning of June 2, 1909, the prisoner being held in the shaft attempted to escape by placing his mattress up against the door and lighting it on fire. However, when he went to bring the prisoner breakfast, Deputy John Henry Bright found the prisoner unconscious and dragged him out.[3]
The new jail was made of reinforced concrete and steel. Interestingly, at least some of the steel used in its construction was scrap metal, such as railroad ties. The building, which cost the county $1,000, had two cells, fourteen by fourteen feet, connected by an office in the center, six by eight feet. There was also a sink and a toilet in each cell, which, although convenient, proved to be more of a hassle than they were worth.[3]
Because most of Courtland's inhabitants lived in either cabins, shacks or tents, spending the night in the jail was appealing to some miners. This resulted in overcrowding, although there were only between four and eight prisoners incarcerated at one time. Furthermore, the town court created a type of system which allowed prisoners time off their sentence in exchange for working on the roads. This other problems because many of the prisoners chose to stay in jail rather than work. Not only was the town short on workers to build and maintain the streets, record indicate that the county had to pay a considerable amount of money just to feed the inmates, who referred to the jail as "The Bright Hotel."[3]
The jail was largely unused after 1916 and it remained in good shape until April of 1938, when the county tore out the steel doors and the barred gates for the construction of a new jail in Benson. Since then, weather and vandals have caused more damage, athough the building remains intact. The Gleeson Jail, located at the nearby ghost town of Gleeson, was built in 1910 in the same style as the Courtland Jail. In 2008, the Gleeson Jail was restored and transformed into a museum.[3][4][5]
The Deputy Sheriff of Courtland
John Henry Bright was the only man to serve as the deputy sheriff of Courtland and he was also the constable, or jailer. In 1908, as soon as Courtland was established, Bright was appointed deputy and he remained in the town until 1916, when the county eliminated his position. During his time as a lawman, Bright fought in two gunfights and was involved in at least one murder case.[3]
The Sulphur Springs Valley, in which Courtland is located, was still a wild place in the early 1900s. Between 1908 and 1915, the valley was the scene of raids and skirmishes involving Pancho Villa and his men. Furthermore, murder and smuggling was still as common as ever. Bright's first shootout while serving as Courtland's deputies occurred in 1912. It was not in Courtland, however, but at nearby Gleeson. Bright's wife was the sister of Gleeson's deputy, Wesley Wooten Cates, and he was, apparently, visiting them at the time. On the morning of September 5, a Mexican outlaw named Francisco Chavez assaulted a woman so Cates and Bright attempted to arrest him. Chavez resisted though and armed himself with a rifle. A skirmish then began and it lasted until over thirty shots had been fired. Nobody was hurt though and the engagement ended when an armed citizen got the drop on Chavez.[2][6]
Although several murders occurred on the road in between Gleeson and Courtland, only one took place within town limits. On January 26, 1913, an eighteen-year-old waitress named Jennie Canady Parker shot and killed her old boyfriend, Dan Danielson. According to Glenn Snow, an Arizona historian, Danielson and Parker had gotton into an argument about another woman in the former's saloon, during which, Danielson pulled out his revolver and fired it at the corner of a liquor cabinet Parker was standing next to. Danielson then put the weapon inside the drawer of the bar, but, a few minutes later, Parker grabbed it and shot the man in the back. Parker was arrested by Deputy Bright and put on trial in Tombstone, where she was sentenced to serve an unspecified amount of time at the prison in Florence, which began on April 28, 1913. She was released in May of 1914 and granted a full pardon by Governor George Hunt on November 28, 1916.[3]
The first and only shootout at Courtland occurred on August 12, 1916. That day two Mexican outlaws broke into a local man's house and stole two pistols, some boxes of ammunition, as well as some other things. Deputy Bright was informed soon after and when he was done searching the town he mounted up and rode to the top of a nearby hill, which provided a good view of the surrounding area. From there Bright saw the two Mexicans walking north towards the town of Pearce. He then circled around the hill and managed to come out in front of the two bandits. When he approached, Bright called out to them to see if they were armed and the reply was "Yes, you gringo Son of a Bitch, I have a gun!" The bandit then opened fire and a gunfight ensued. Bright was wounded in one of his legs, but, just before taking cover behind a mound of dirt, he fired five shots at the Mexicans. Because he was outnumbered, Bright made good on his escape, but it was later found to have been unnecessary. When a posse investigated the scene of the shootout later that day, they found that all five of Bright's bullets had taken effect; both of the Mexicans had been hit between the waist and the shoulders.[3]
