The Corpus Cluniacense or Corpus Islamolatinum,[1] sometimes erroneously the Corpus Toledanum,[2] is a collection of Latin writings about Islam compiled in 1142–1143. At its centre are translations from Arabic of five Islamic works, including the Qurʾān.[3] The corpus was commissioned by Abbot Peter the Venerable of Cluny during a trip to Spain. The team of translators was led by Robert of Ketton, who translated the Qurʾān. The other translators were Herman of Carinthia, Peter of Toledo and a Muslim named Muḥammad. They were assisted in their Latin by Peter of Poitiers.[4]
The Corpus comprises:
The earliest manuscript containing most of the Corpus is Paris, Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, Lat. 1162, which dates to the 12th century.[15] This manuscript also contains the earliest depiction of Muḥammad in western Europe.[5] It also contains a unique heading, Fabulae Sarracenorum ('Tales of the Saracens'), before Robert of Ketton's prologue to the chronicle.[16] The earliest copies of the complete Corpus were made towards 1300 and probably in response to the Second Council of Lyon (1274) and the call to recover the Holy Land after 1291. These copies were made from the original manuscript, which seems to have been brought to England by Peter the Venerable and left there.[17]
The Corpus was edited by Theodor Bibliander and published at Basel by Johannes Oporinus on 11 January 1543 under the title Machumetis Saraeenorum prineipis eiusque successorum vitcc ac doetrina, ipscquc Alcoran. Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon provided introductions. The publication was not without controversy, Oporinus having been imprisoned by Basel authorities for his first attempt in 1542. A second edition was printed in 1550 with corrections based on a manuscript copied by Cardinal John of Ragusa in 1437.[18]