In Lithuania, municipalities are major administrative units which have their own councils, elected by the people, and mayors, elected by the councils. Municipalities can either cover one major city (city municipality) or entire regions (district municipality).

The sizes of municipalities range from 40 square kilometers (Alytus City Municipality) to 2218 square kilometers (Varėna District Municipality). Their population ranges from 2,408 (Neringa - a resort municipality) to 553,232 (Vilnius City Municipality).