Bouillon
Bouyon (Walloon)
Bouillon
Bouillon
Flag of Bouillon
Coat of arms of Bouillon
Location of Bouillon
Map
Bouillon is located in Belgium
Bouillon
Bouillon
Location in Belgium
Location of Bouillon in Luxembourg
Coordinates: 49°47.73′N 05°4.08′E / 49.79550°N 5.06800°E / 49.79550; 5.06800
Country Belgium
CommunityFrench Community
RegionWallonia
ProvinceLuxembourg
ArrondissementNeufchâteau
Government
 • MayorPatrick Adam (PS, Ensemble)
 • Governing party/iesEnsemble
Area
 • Total148.64 km2 (57.39 sq mi)
Population
 (2018-01-01)[1]
 • Total5,353
 • Density36/km2 (93/sq mi)
Postal codes
6830, 6831, 6832, 6833, 6834, 6836, 6838
NIS code
84010
Area codes061
Websitewww.bouillon.be

Bouillon (French pronunciation: [bujɔ̃] ; Walloon: Bouyon) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg in the Ardennes, Belgium.

The municipality, which covers 149.09 km2, had 5,477 inhabitants, giving a population density of 36.7 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Bellevaux, Bouillon, Corbion, Dohan, Les Hayons, Noirefontaine, Poupehan, Rochehaut, Sensenruth, Ucimont, and Vivy.

History

In the Middle Ages Bouillon was a lordship within the Duchy of Lower Lorraine and the principal seat of the Ardennes-Bouillon dynasty in the 10th and 11th century. In the 11th century they dominated the area, and held the ducal title along with many other titles in the region. Bouillon was the location of the ducal mint and the dominant urban concentration in the dukes' possession.[2]

The Semois river and the Bouillon Castle (13th/19th centuries)

There is a common misconception that Bouillon was a county. While the lords of Bouillon often were counts and dukes, Bouillon itself was not a county. The fortification of Bouillon Castle was, along with the County of Verdun, the core of the possessions of the Ardennes-Bouillon dynasty, and their combined territory was a complex mixture of fiefs, allodial land and other hereditary rights throughout the area. An example of the latter is the Advocacy of the monastery of Saint-Hubert en Ardennes, which was granted to Godfrey II by the prince-bishop of Liège.[3]

The most famous of the Lords of Bouillon was Godfrey of Bouillon, a leader of the First Crusade and the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He sold the Bouillon estate to the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. The prince-bishops started to call themselves dukes of Bouillon, and the town emerged as the capital of a sovereign duchy by 1678, when it was captured from the prince-bishopric by the French army and given to the La Tour d'Auvergne family. The duchy was prized for its strategic location as "the key to the Ardennes" (as Vauban called it) and hence to France itself. It remained a quasi-independent protectorate, like Orange and Monaco, until 1795, when the Republican Army annexed it to France.

After the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, the city was given to the Netherlands in the 1815 Treaty of Paris. It has been part of Belgium since the Revolution of 1830.

Chronology

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Books about Bouillon

Geography

A view over Bouillon
Rochehaut, church: l'église Saint-Firmin
Sensenruth, church (l'église Saint-Lambert) in the street
Mogimont, church: l'église des Saints-Pierre-et-Paul

The town sits in a sharp bend of the river Semois (German: Sesbach, Walloon: Simwès, in France : Semoy) whose total length is 210 km. The surrounding area is largely forested.

Bouillon has a few schools, a collège (middle school) and a lycée (high school), banks and a town square. Bouillon Castle still sits above the town centre, and is a popular tourist attraction.

Villages

population centers include:

Historical population

Year Population Area Density
2002 5,393 (2,649 males and 2,744 females) 148.94 km2 36.21/km2

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Wettelijke Bevolking per gemeente op 1 januari 2018". Statbel. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  2. ^ a b Murray, p. 10.
  3. ^ Murray, p. 11.

References