Species in the genus have a cosmopolitan distribution,[2] they are also found in northern temperate regions, especially in Europe.[3] but also in tropical Central America, Africa and Asia (such as India[4]).[2] As well as Australia.[5]
The family is classified as incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement in the Lecanoromycetidae, as there is no reliable molecular data available to establish phylogenetic relationships with similar taxa.[6]
^Kraichak, Ekaphan; Huang, Jen-Pan; Nelsen, Matthew; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (3): 233–249. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy060.
^De Notaris, G. (1846). "Frammenti lichenografici di un lavoro inedito". Giornale Botanico Italiano (in Italian). 2 (1): 192.
^Choisy, M. (1949). "Catalogue des lichens de la region Lyonnaise. Fasc. 2". Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon (in French). 18: 137–152. doi:10.3406/linly.1949.13145.
^Hafellner, J.; Casares-Porcel, M. (1992). "Untersuchungen an den Typusarten der lichenisierten Ascomycetengattungen Acarospora und Biatorella und die daraus entstehenden Konsequenzen". Nova Hedwigia (in German). 55: 316.
^Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.). Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. p. 121. ISBN978-3-443-01089-8. OCLC429208213.
^Räsänen, V. (1949). "Lichenes Novi V". Archivum Societatis Botanicae Zoologicae Fennicae "Vanamo" (in Latin). 3: 178–188.
^Anzi, M. (1860). Catalogus lichenum quos in provincia sondriensi et circa Novum-Comum collegit et in ordinem systematicum digessit (in Latin). Ex officina C. Franchi. p. 78.
^Aptroot, A.; Sipman, H.J.M. (2001). "New Hong Kong lichens, ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 91: 321.