April 5, 1905: Body of John Paul Jones located in Paris almost 113 years after his deathApril 12, 1905: The Hippodrome, world's largest theater, opens in New York City with 5,000 seats
The following events occurred in April 1905:
April 1, 1905 (Saturday)
The British Imperial Penny Post was extended to include Australia.[1][2]
The government of Chile, having recently enlarged its territory by the settlement of its boundary dispute with Bolivia, announced that it wanted to acquire sovereignty over two provinces in Peru, Tacna and Arica.[2]
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Charles E. Magoon as the new Governor of the Canal Zone as he replaced all seven members of the Panama Canal Commission.[2]
Alphonse Favier, 67, French Roman Catholic priest and missionary to the Chinese Empire who protected thousands of Chinese Christians during the Boxer Rebellion
Constantin Meunier, 73, Belgian sculptor and modern artist known for his artwork featuring the workingman, including Monument to Labor
April 5, 1905 (Wednesday)
Jones's body after being exhumed
The body of John Paul Jones, the Revolutionary War hero who was known as "The Father of the American Navy", was located in Paris almost 113 years after his death after a six-year search by U.S. Ambassador to France Horace Porter.[5] On April 20, the casket was located on April 5, and taken to the American Church of the Holy Trinity in Paris "where his coffin rested beneath a draped American flag to await its return to a grateful nation." and the remains were returned to the United States, where they now rest at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.
Electric streetcar transportation was introduced to the Philippines as the Tranvia system replaced horse-drawn trolleys in Manila.
April 6, 1905 (Thursday)
A violent strike by the Teamsters' Union began in Chicago as the 10,000 members of the local United Brotherhood of Teamsters walked off the job to join 5,000 members of the 26 locals of the National Tailors' Association. After the Teamsters entered, rioting began on April 7 and would continue through August 1. Before the strike was settled, 21 people had been killed and 416 injured in what was the most deadly labor dispute in 20th century up to that time; it remains second only to the East St. Louis Riot of 1917.[6]
Died: Sister Maria Assunta Pallotta, 26, Italian Roman Catholic nun who set up a charitable mission to China, died of typhus.
April 8, 1905 (Saturday)
Hundreds of people were killed in Spain in the collapse of a dam holding back a reservoir near Madrid.[2]
Died: Sarah E. Goode, 49, the second African-American woman to receive a U.S. patent, in 1885 for her invention of a folding bed
April 9, 1905 (Sunday)
The Swedish Civil Administration's Employees' Union (Civilförvaltningens Personalförbund), the first labor union for government employees and civil servants in Sweden, was founded under the name "State Caretakers' Association" (Statens vaktmästares förening), with 242 members. By 1969, it would have over 9,000; in 1970, the Swedish National Union of State Employees (Statsanställdas förbund) would be created and absorb the private union.[7]
The last legal executions in China by the practice of Lingchi, a method of slow torture called "death by a thousand cuts" because of the gradual severing of parts of the body, were carried out in Beijing on a condemned Mongol prisoner. "Fou-tchou-li", later referred to as Fuzhuli had been convicted of the murder of his master. Photographs were taken by French soldiers at the scene, leading to pressure on the Chinese government to abolish the penalty entirely.[8]
The New York Hippodrome, at the time the world's largest theater with 5,300 seats, had its grand opening with an extravagant show called A Yankee Circus on Mars, followed by the drama Andersonville.[9] The theater would be closed on August 16, 1939, to be demolished in order for the real estate to be sold for more than the building was worth.
The Diatto-Clément automobile company was founded in Italy as part of a partnership between the railway car manufacturer Diatto and the French carmaker Clément-Bayard.
Albert Libertad first published the journal L'Anarchie to promote the cause of individual anarchism in France.[10] The journal lasted until the outbreak of World War One in August 1914, with the final isue published on July 22, 1914.
Died: H. T. Craven, 87, English actor and playwright
The FA Cup was won by Aston Villa over Newcastle United, 2 to 0, before a crowd of 101,117 people at the Crystal Palace stadium in South London.
The Norddeutscher Fußball-Verband (NFV), one of the earliest national soccer football leagues in Germany, was formed by the agreement of six regional associations (based in Hamburg, Bremen, Kiel, Hannover, Braunschweig and Mecklenburg) from eight different German kingdoms, principalities and duchies.
April 16, 1905 (Sunday)
The Battle of Čelopek was fought in the Ottoman Empire (in what is now the Republic of North Macedonia) as a force of 130 Serbian Chetnik fighters killed an entire column of 200 Ottoman Army soldiers and officers, while losing only four of its own men.
The United Kingdom and the Republic of Nicaragua signed the Harrison-Altamirano Treaty, recognizing absolute Nicaraguan sovereignty over the Mosquito Coast. The new treaty annulled the 1860 Zeldon-Wyke Treaty that had preserved British authority on the Mosquito Indians reservation.
April 20, 1905 (Thursday)
The largest ocean liner in the world at the time, the German cruiser SS Amerika was launched from Ireland's Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast for the Hamburg America Line.[12] It would go into service on October 11. After World War One, it was taken acquired by the United States Navy, which would rechristen it as USS America.
April 21, 1905 (Friday)
The deputies of the Assembly of the island of Crete voted to unite with Greece, and swore their allegiance to the Hellenic constitution. The government of Greece announced that it would not recognize the Cretan proclamation.[13]
Died: Orville H. Platt, 82, U.S. Senator for Connecticut since 1879, known for the Platt Amendment providing terms for U.S. military withdrawal from, and eventual independence for, Cuba.
April 22, 1905 (Saturday)
Théophile Delcassé withdrew his resignation as Foreign Minister of France, the day after giving it, after a personal request by President Émile Loubet.[13]
April 23, 1905 (Sunday)
German General Lothar von Trotha commander of troops in Germany's colony of Südwestafrika (now Namibia), ordered the extermination of the Nama people within the colony's borders, ultimately killing 10,000 of the Africans.[14] Von Trotha's proclamation Aan de oorlogvorende Namastamme, proclaimed that "The Nama who chooses not to surrender and lets himself be seen in German territory will be shot, until all are exterminated."[15] The Nama extermination followed an order by von Trotha on October 2, 1904, to kill the Ovaherero people in the colony.[16]
Died: Joe Jefferson, 76, American comedian and actor
April 24, 1905 (Monday)
China's Empress Regent Cixi (Tzu Hsi) abolished further use in executions of the nation's three most cruel torture execution methods, lingchi ("death by a thousand cuts"), gibbeting (similar to crucifixion, hanging until dying of exposure, thirst or starvation), and desecration of a dying person.[17]
The government of the United States announced that it was abandoning its negotiations with the Chinese Empire for a treaty regarding Chinese immigration to the U.S.[13]
General Alexander Alexandrovich Kozloff was appointed as the new Governor-General of Moscow, replacing the recently assassinated Grand Duke Sergius.[13]
Herbert W. Bowen, the U.S. Ambassador to Venezuela, was removed from office the Department of State and directed to return to the U.S. to explain charges made against him by the Assistant U.S. Secretary of State Francis B. Loomis (who had been Bowen's predecessor as Ambassador). The State Department replaced with William W. Russell, the U.S. Ambassador to neighboring Colombia.[13]
April 29, 1905 (Saturday)
Inventor John J. Montgomery made the first public demonstration of his "Montgomery Aeroplane", a glider that he released from a balloon at an altitude of 4,000 feet (1,200 m) above Santa Clara College in California, with Daniel J. Maloney as the pilot.[18]
The Imperial Russian Navy's submarine fleet, which had been on patrol since February 14, had its first combat in the Russo-Japanese War. An Imperial Japanese Navy torpedo boat fired upon the Russian submarine Som, but was unable to score a hit.[19]
^Chris Dickon, The Foreign Burial of American War Dead: A History (McFarland, 2011) p. 38
^Robert Fitch, Solidarity for Sale: How Corruption Destroyed the Labor Movement and Undermined America's Promise (Perseus Books, 2006)
^Anders Kjellberg, The Membership Development of Swedish Trade Unions and Union Confederations Since the End of the Nineteenth Century (Lund University Press, 2017) pp. 88–97
^James E. Wise, Jr. and Scott Baron, "Appendix A. Early Ships Named USS America", in At the Helm of USS America: The Aircraft Carrier and Its 23 Commanders, 1965-1996 p. 229
^ abcdefThe American Monthly Review of Reviews (June 1905) pp. 665–668
^"Hendrik Witbooi and Samuel Maharero", by Werner Hillebrecht, in Re-Viewing Resistance in Namibian History, ed. by Jeremy Silvester (University of Namibia Press, 2015) p. 51
^"Traditionalising Chinese Law", by Li Chen, in Chinese Legal Reform and the Global Legal Order: Adoption and Adaptation, ed. by Yun Zhao and Michael Ng (Cambridge University Press, 2018) p. 198
^"The Montgomery Aeroplane", . Scientific American (May 1905) p. 404
^Piotr Olender, The Russo-Japanese Naval War 1904–1905, Volume 2: Battle of Tsushima" (Straus Publishing, 2010) p. 175
