Albatros C.VII

Role	Reconnaissance aircraft Type of aircraft
Manufacturer	Albatros Flugzeugwerke
First flight	early 1916
Introduction	late 1916
Retired	1918
Primary user	Luftstreitkräfte
Produced	1916
Number built	400
Developed from	Albatros C.V

The Albatros C.VII was a military reconnaissance aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Albatros Flugzeugwerke. It was a revised and re-engined development of the Albatros C.V, which had proved disappointing in service.

Developed relatively rapidly during 1916, the C.VII dispensed with the unreliable Mercedes D.IV engine that powered the earlier C.V in favour of the more dependable Benz Bz.IV; this change was accompanied by various modifications to accommodate that powerplant, effectively being a hybrid of the C.V/16 and C.V/17 designs. While considered to be a stop-gap aircraft, it incorporated various refinements to areas such as the flight control surfaces, which resulted in the C.VII possessing excellent handling qualities.

Introduced to service with the Luftstreitkräfte during late 1916, it proved itself to be less troublesome than its predecessor. At one point, the C.VII comprised the bulk of all reconnaissance aircraft being operated by Germany during the First World War, roughly 350 aircraft were in service at the peak of operations. It saw action on all fronts of the conflict.

Design & development

Work commenced on what would become the C.VII as soon as Albatros became aware that production of the troublesome Mercedes D.IV engine was facing termination, which impacted the company's existing Albatros C.V reconnaissance aircraft as it was solely powered by the D.IV - without a compatible engine, production could not be continued.^[1] Albatros's design team hastily drew up multiple proposals as alternative options; one of these, internationally designated C.VI, was considered to be a retrograde step and ultimately not pursued for production. What would become the C.VII was largely considered to be a stop-gap measure while the company designed a higher performance successor later on; accordingly, the use of as many standard components and subassemblies of the C.V was encouraged while the most substantial change was the adoption of the Benz Bz.IV engine, an established and dependable powerplant.^[2]

One of the main visual distinguishing differences between the C.V and the C.VII was the cylinder block of the engine; on the latter aircraft, this protruded above the inspection panels.^[2] Engine cooling used radiators attached to the sides of the fuselage just forward of the lower wing's leading edge.^[3] The forward fuselage had to be redesigned to properly accommodate the Bz.IV engine and its ancillary components.^[2] The fuselage structure largely conformed with the company's established practices, making extensive use of plywood and not using any internal bracing. The wings were directly derived from both versions of the C.I; specifically, the upper wing was almost identical to that of the C.V/17 while the lower wing was the more angular design used on the C.V/16.^[4] The empennage and undercarriage were similarly derived. The flying controls also had no innovation over their predecessor.^[3]

Operational history

Personnel standing in front of a C.VII on the ground, circa 1917

The Luftstreitkräfte commenced operations with the C.VII during late 1916.^[3] It quickly proved to be a well-received aircraft and was often praised for its favourable handling qualities, being fairly comfortable and untiring to operate while also not exhibiting challenging characteristics during the landing phase as some of its competing two-seaters did. By the end of 1916, the C.VII had become a staple of both the aerial reconnaissance and artillery spotting roles; it was operated on all fronts of the war.^[3]

Variants

C.VI
N.I: Night-bomber variant.
L 18: A single C.VII converted for civil use post WWI

Operators

German Empire

Luftstreitkräfte

Specifications (C.VII)

Data from German Aircraft of the First World War^[5]

General characteristics

Crew: Two (pilot and observer)
Length: 8.70 m (28 ft 6 in)
Wingspan: 12.78 m (41 ft 11 in)
Height: 3.8 m (12 ft 6 in)
Wing area: 43.4 m² (467 sq ft)
Empty weight: 989 kg (2,180 lb)
Gross weight: 1,550 kg (3,420 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Benz Bz.IV , 150 kW (200 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 170 km/h (110 mph, 96 kn)
Endurance: 31⁄3 hours
Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,500 ft)
Rate of climb: 3.2 m/s (630 ft/min)

Armament

1 × forward-firing 7.92 mm (.312 in) Spandau LMG 08/15 machine gun
1 × 7.92 mm (.312 in) Parabellum MG14 machine gun for observer
90 kg (200 lb) of bombs

References

Grosz, Peter M. (1999). Albatros C.VII. Windsock Datafile 77. Berkhamsted, UK: Albatros Publications. ISBN 9781902207186.
Herris, Jack (2012). Nachtflugzeug: German N-Types of WWI. Great War Aviation Centennial Series. Vol. 3. Aeronaut Books. ISBN 978-1-935881-10-0.
Klaauw, Bart van der (March–April 1999). "Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'arrived' in Dutch Territory During the Great War". Air Enthusiast (80): 54–59. ISSN 0143-5450.
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London, UK: Studio Editions. pp. 52–53.

Albatros aircraft

Early aircraft

Military Idflieg
designations

B type unarmed reconnaissance biplanes	B.I B.II B.III
C type armed reconnaissance biplanes	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIIII N C.IX C.X C.XI C.XII C.XIII C.XIV C.XV
D type Doppeldecker fighters	D.I D.II D.III D.IV D.V D.VI D.VII D.VIII D.IX D.X D.XI D.XII D.XIII D.XIV D.XV
Dr type Dreidecker triplane fighters	Dr.I Dr.II
G type Grossflugzeug bombers	G.I G.II G.III G.IV
J type close support	J.I J.II J.III

Company
designations

Landflugzeug (Landplanes)	LDD L.1 L.2 L.3 L.4 L.5 L.6 L.7 L.8 L.9 L.10 L.11 L.12 L.13 L.14 L.15 L.16 L.17 L.18 L.19 L.20 L.21 L.22 L.23 L.24 L.25 L.26 L.27 L.28 L.29 L.30 L.31 L.32 L.33 L.34 L.35 L.36 L.37 L.38 L.39 L.40 L.41 L.42 L.43 L.44 L.45 L.46 L.47 L.48 L.49 L.50 L.51 L.52 L.53 L.54 L.55 L.56 L.57 L.58 L.59 L.60 L.65 L.66 L.67 L.68 L.69 L.70 L.71 L.72 L.73 L.74 L.75 L.76 L.77 L.78 L.79 L.80 L.81 L.82 L.83 L.84 L.100 L.101 L.102 L.103
Wasserflugzeug (Seaplanes)	W.1 W.2 W.3 W.4 W.5 W.8 WMZ
Höhenflugzeug (High Altitude)	H.1

v t e World War I aircraft of the Central Powers
Fighters	AEG D.I AEG Dr.I Albatros D.I Albatros D.II Albatros D.III Albatros D.V Aviatik D.I Aviatik C.VI Daimler L.6 Euler D.I Euler D.II Fokker D.I Fokker D.II Fokker D.III Fokker D.IV Fokker D.V Fokker D.VI Fokker D.VII Fokker D.VIII Fokker Dr.I Fokker E.I Fokker E.II Fokker E.III Fokker E.IV Fokker E.V Halberstadt D.II Hannover CL.II Hannover CL.III Hannover CL.IV Hannover CL.V Hansa-Brandenburg W.12 Hansa-Brandenburg W.29 Junkers D.I Kondor D.6 Kondor E.III Naglo D.II Pfalz D.III Pfalz D.XII Pfalz Dr.I Pfalz E.I Pfalz E.II Phönix D.I LFG Roland D.II LFG Roland D.VI Siemens-Schuckert D.I Siemens-Schuckert D.II Siemens-Schuckert D.III Siemens-Schuckert D.IV Zeppelin-Lindau D.I
Bombers and ground attack	AEG DJ.I AEG G.I AEG G.II AEG G.III AEG G.IV AEG G.V AEG J.I AEG J.II AEG R.I Friedrichshafen G.II Friedrichshafen G.III Gotha G.I Gotha G.II Gotha G.III Gotha G.IV Gotha G.V Gotha GL.VII Gotha G.IX Hannover CL.II Junkers CL.I Junkers J.I Rumpler G.I Rumpler G.II Rumpler G.III Siemens-Schuckert L.I Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.III Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI
Reconnaissance	AEG B.I AEG B.II AEG B.III AEG C.I AEG C.II AEG C.III AEG C.IV AEG C.V AEG C.VI AEG C.VII AEG C.VIII AGO C.I AGO C.II AGO C.III AGO C.IV AGO C.VII AGO C.VIII Albatros B.I Albatros B.II Albatros C.I Albatros C.III Albatros C.V Albatros C.VII Albatros C.IX Albatros C.X Albatros C.XII Aviatik B.I Aviatik B.II Aviatik C.I Aviatik C.VI DFW C.V LFG Roland C.II LVG B.I LVG C.II Rumpler C.I Rumpler C.IV Rumpler Taube
Trainers	Euler D.I
Prototypes	Albatros C.II Fokker V.1 Fokker V.2 Junkers J 1 Junkers J 2 Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I

Idflieg C-, CL-, and CLS-class aircraft designations

C-

AEG	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII
AGO	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX
Albatros	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX C.X C.XI C.XII C.XIII C.XIV C.XV
Aviatik	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX
Caspar	C.I
DFW	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI
Fokker	C.I C.II C.III
Friedrichshafen	C.I
Germania	C.I C.II C.III C.IV
Halberstadt	C.I C.II C.III C.V C.VII C.VIII C.IX
Hannover	C.I C.IV
LFG Roland	C.I C.II C.III C.V C.VIII
LVG	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX
OAW	C.I C.II
Otto	C.I C.II
Pfalz	C.I
Rumpler	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX C.X
Sablatnig	C.I C.II C.III
Schütte-Lanz	C.I
Zeppelin	C.I C.II

CL-

BFW	CL.I CL.II CL.III CL.IV
Daimler	CL.I
Halberstadt	CL.II CL.IV
Hannover	CL.II CL.III CL.V
Junkers	CL.I
Zeppelin-Lindau	CL.I CL.II

CLS-

Albatros	CLS.I
Halberstadt	CLS.I CLS.II CLS.X
Junkers	CLS.I

Idflieg G, GL, K, L and N-class bomber designations

G- class

AEG	G.I G.II G.III G.IV G.V
Albatros	G.I G.II G.III G.IV
Daimler	G.I G.II
Friedrichshafen	G.I G.II G.III G.IV G.V G.VI
Gotha	G.I G.II G.III G.IV G.V G.VI G.VII G.VIII G.IX G.X
Halberstadt	G.I
LFG	G.I
LVG	G.I G.II G.III
Rumpler	G.I G.II G.III
Schütte-Lanz	G.I
Siemens-Schuckert	G.I G.II G.III
Union	G.I

GL- class

Gotha	GL.VII GL.VIII

K- class

AEG	K.I
Fokker	K.I

L- class

Siemens-Schuckert	L.I

N- class

AEG	N.I
Albatros	N.I
BFW	N.I
Friedrichshafen	N.I
Sablatnig	N.I

G = Grossflugzeuge (large airplane), GL = Grossflugzeuge Leicht (light large airplane)

K = Kampfflugzeug (battleplane), renamed as G-class, L = bomber midway between K/G and R-classes

N = Nacht (night)

Design & development

Operational history

Variants

Operators

Specifications (C.VII)

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading