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The year 2009 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur paleontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2009 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.
This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2009, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2009.
Newly named crurotarsans | |||||||
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Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
Armadillosuchus[1] |
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
Notosuchian with heavy, armadillo-like body armor consisting of flexible bands and rigid shields |
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Barcinosuchus[2] |
Valid |
|
Aptian – Albian |
||||
Collilongus[3] |
Valid |
|
Early Olenekian |
Czatkowice 1 |
Possible rauisuchian |
||
Coringasuchus[4] |
Valid |
|
Early Cenomanian |
||||
Duerosuchus[5] |
Valid |
|
Middle Eocene |
||||
Hypselorhachis[6] |
Valid |
|
Middle Triassic |
Possible ctenosauriscid |
|||
Kaprosuchus[7] |
Valid |
|
Upper Cretaceous |
Unusual large mahajangasuchid with hypertrophied caniniform teeth and posteriorly projecting horns |
|||
Kemkemia[8] |
Valid |
|
Cenomanian |
Initially identified as a theropod dinosaur,[8] but subsequently discovered to be a crocodyliform.[9] |
|||
Khoratosuchus[10] |
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
Youngest Mesozoic crocodyliform yet known from Thailand |
|||
Laganosuchus [7] |
Valid |
|
Cenomanian |
||||
Miadanasuchus [11] |
Valid |
|
Campanian |
A new genus for "Trematochampsa" oblita (Buffetaut & Taquet, 1979) |
|||
Morrinhosuchus[12] |
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
Notosuchian from Brazil |
|||
Penghusuchus[13] |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene |
A tomistomine crocodilian. |
|||
Polonosuchus[14] |
Valid |
|
Late Carnian |
A new genus for "Teratosaurus" silesiacus (Sulej, 2005) |
|||
Yacarerani [15] |
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
Cajones Formation |
A study titled "Quantitative analysis of dental microwear in hadrosaurid dinosaurs, and the implications for hypotheses of jaw mechanics and feeding" is published by British paleontologists Mark Purnell, Paul Barrett and student Vince Williams. The paper examined the chewing methods and diet of hadrosaurid ("duck billed") dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous period. The scientists analyzed hundreds of microscopic scratches on the teeth of a fossilized Edmontosaurus jaw, and believe they determined exactly how a hadrosaur broke down and ate its food, which had previously eluded researchers.
The study found hadrosaurs had a unique way of eating unlike any creature living today. In contrast to a flexible lower jaw joint prevalent in today's mammals, hadrosaurs had a unique hinge between the upper jaws and the rest of its skull. The team found the dinosaur's upper jaws pushed outwards and sideways while chewing, as the lower jaw slid against the upper teeth.
The study also concluded that hadrosaurs likely grazed on horsetails and vegetation close to the ground, rather than browsing higher-growing leaves and twigs. However, Purnell said these conclusions were less secure than the more conclusive evidence regarding the motion of teeth while chewing. Previous studies found contradictory conclusions, and the issue remains a subject of debate.
The findings were published on June 30, 2009 in the journal, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Purnell said no previous study had ever employed this method of analyzing microscopic teeth scratches, and that the method could be used to study other areas of scientific research.
Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.[18] ~44 dinosaur genera were erected in 2009.
Name | Status | Authors | Discovery year | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adeopapposaurus[19] | Valid |
|
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Aerosteon[20] | Valid | |||||||
Valid |
|
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Albertonykus[22] | Valid |
|
lower Maastrichtian |
|||||
Anchiornis[23] | Valid |
|
||||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Valid |
|
A Spanish Lambeosaurine. | ||||||
Valid |
|
An Australian Megaraptor. Specimen named "Banjo" | ||||||
Baotianmansaurus[27] |
Valid |
|
||||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Ceratonykus[29] |
Valid |
|
||||||
Diamantinasaurus[30] |
Valid |
|
An Australian Titanosaur. | |||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Helioceratops[32] |
Valid |
|
||||||
Hesperonychus[33] |
Valid |
|
Smallest known dinosaur from North America. |
|||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Kinnareemimus[35] |
Valid |
|
||||||
Kol[36] |
Valid |
|
||||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Levnesovia[38] | Valid |
|
The oldest Hadrosauroidean |
|||||
Limusaurus[39] | Valid |
|
The first Asian ceratosaur to be discovered |
|||||
Luoyanggia[40] | Valid |
|
Mangchuan Formation |
An oviraptorosaur |
||||
Malarguesaurus[41] | Valid |
|
||||||
Minotaurasaurus[42] | Valid |
|
||||||
Miragaia[43] | Valid |
|
Long-necked stegosaur. |
|||||
Nothronychus graffami[44] | Valid |
|
A therizinosaurid. |
|||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Panphagia[45] | Valid |
|
One of the most basal known sauropodomorph.[45] |
|||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Ruyangosaurus[47] |
Valid |
|
Mangchuan Formation |
|||||
Shaochilong[48] |
Valid |
|
||||||
Shidaisaurus[49] |
Valid |
|
Upper Lufeng Formation |
|||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Skorpiovenator[51] | Valid |
|
||||||
|
||||||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Valid |
|
|
||||||
Valid |
|
Liburnia Formation |
||||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Valid |
|
|||||||
Xianshanosaurus[40] | Valid |
|
Mangchuan Formation |
A sauropod |
||||
|
Name published without scientific description in Japanese guidebook "Dinosaur Expo 2009: The Miracle of Deserts" | |||||||
Valid |
|
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Federico L. Agnolin Agustín G. Martinelli |
Placed in ?Patagopterygiformes by Agnolin and Martinelli. |
||||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Oligocene |
Etadunna Formation |
An Anatidae. |
|||||
Bonasa nini [60] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Antonio Sánchez Marco |
Early Pleistocene |
Lower Elefante, TE 13 layer |
A Phasianidae. |
|||
Calidris janossyi [61] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Miocene |
Originally described as a member of Scolopacidae belonging to the genus Calidris;[61] Zelenkov, Volkova and Gorobets (2016) reinterpreted it as a member of Turnicidae and transferred it to the genus Ortyxelos.[62] |
||||
Calonectris kurodai [63] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Miocene |
A Procellariidae, the smallest of the genus. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Disputed |
Jorge I. Noriega Sergio F. Vizcaino Susana Bargo |
Early-Middle Miocene |
Estancia La Costa Member, |
Federico L. Agnolin, 2009, made it the type species of the separate genus Noriegavis Agnolin, 2009.[65] Originally interpreted as a seriema; Noriega & Mayr (2017) reinterpreted it as a member of the falconid genus Thegornis of uncertain specific assignment, on the basis of a reexamination of the holotype specimen.[66] |
||||
Charadrius lambrechti.[61] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Miocene |
A Scolopacidae. |
||||
Clangula matraensis [67] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Middle Miocene |
MN 6-8 |
An Anatidae. |
|||
Sp. nov. |
Disputed |
Zuhui Zhang Chunling Gao Qingjin Meng Jinyuan Liu Lianhai Hou Guangmei Zheng |
A member of the family Confuciusornithidae. Considered to be a junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus by Wang, O'Connor & Zhou (2018).[69] |
||||||
Cygnopterus neogradiensis [70] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler János Hír |
Middle Miocene |
Sajóvölgy Formation, MN 7-8 |
An Anatidae. |
|||
Diomedeoides harmati [71] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Early Oligocene |
A Diomedeoididae Fischer, 1985, placed in Rupelornis van Beneden, 1871 by Gerald Mayr and Thierry Smith, 2012 |
||||
Egretta polgardiensis [67] |
Sp. nov. |
Disputed |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Miocene |
Originally described as a member of Ardeidae and a species of Egretta; however, Zelenkov (2017) considered this species to be a junior synonym of the barn-owl species Tyto campiterrae Jánossy (1991).[72] |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
John D. Scanlon |
Riverleigh World Heritage Property |
An Anseranatidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Gansugyps linxiaensis [75] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Zhang Zihui Zheng Xiaoting Hou Lianhai |
Late Miocene |
Upper Liushu Formation |
An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Pliocene |
MN 15-16 |
|||||
Heliornis sumeghensis [61] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Miocene |
MN 11-12 |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Zhang Fucheng Li Zhiheng |
A basal Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002. |
|||||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002. |
|||||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002. |
|||||||
Megalocoturnix cordoni [60] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Antonio Sánchez Marco |
Early Pliocene |
A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Federico L. Agnolin |
Late Miocene |
Andalhualá Formation |
A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. |
||||
Mergus minor [67] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Middle Miocene |
MN 6-8 |
An Anatidae. |
|||
Miocepphus blowi [78] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Erik Wijnker |
Late Miocene |
Breda Formation Mill |
An Alcidae. |
|||
Miocepphus bohaskai [78] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Erik Wijnker |
Late Miocene |
Breda Formation Mill |
|
An Alcidae. |
||
Miocepphus mergulellus [78] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Erik Wijnker |
Late Miocene |
An Alcidae. |
||||
Palaeocryptonyx novaki [60] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Antonio Sánchez Marco |
Late Pliocene |
Villanyan, |
A Phasianidae. |
|||
Paracoracias occidentalis [79] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
N. Adam Smith |
A stem Coraiiformes. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Oligocene |
Etadunna Formation |
An Anatidae. |
|||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Oligocene |
Etadunna Formation |
An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Oligocene |
Etadunna Formation |
An Anatidae. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Pliocene |
MN 15-16 |
|||||
Porzana kretzoii [61] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Miocene |
A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a species Porzana; Zelenkov (2017) transferred this species to the genus Zapornia.[72] |
||||
Porzana matraensis [61] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jenö Kessler |
Middle Miocene |
MN 6-8 |
A Rallidae. |
|||
Primozygodactylus eunjooae [80] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Nikita V. Zelenkov |
Middle Eocene |
A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971. |
||||
Pseudocepphus teres [78] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Erik Wijnker |
Late Miocene |
An Alcidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Eric M. Morschhauser Gao Chunling Liu Jinyuan Wang Xuri Cheng Xiadong Meng Qingjin |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jennifer P. Worthy Alan J. D. Tennyson R. Paul Scofield |
Early Miocene, |
A Columbidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Pauline Provini Zhang Fucheng |
A Sapeornithidae Zhou et Zhang, 2006. |
||||||
Selenornis steendorpensis [84] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Oligocene, MP ?23-24 |
Boom Formation |
A Tytonidae, Selenornithinae Mourer-Chauviré, 1987. |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Xuri Wang Chunling Gao Qingjin Meng Xiaodong Cheng Jinyuan Liu |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Familia Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Anatidae, Kaua'i Mole Duck, a Hawaiian duck that probably lived a kiwi-like lifestyle, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||||
Tologuica aurorae [87] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Nikita V. Zelenkov |
Middle Miocene |
Ööshin Formation |
A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Tologuica karhui [87] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Nikita V. Zelenkov |
Middle Miocene |
Ööshin Formation |
A Phasianidae. |
Newly named pterosaurs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
Valid |
|
Late Triassic |
A campylognathoidid with a wingspan of about 70 cm. |
||||
Valid |
|
Middle Jurassic |
A primitive long-tailed pterosaur related to Dorygnathus. |
||||
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
A pterodactyloid known from a juvenile specimen whose fossils preserved details of the flight membrane and fur. |
||||
Valid |
|
Late Jurassic |
A primitive long tailed pterosaur. The type specimen shows evidence of the animal having broken its shin while alive. |
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