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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1991.
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cruciptera[2] |
Gen et comb nov |
valid |
||||||
Soleredera[4] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Erwin & Stockey |
A lilialean genus of uncertain placement |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
Valid |
MacKay |
A ponerin ant |
|||||
Stenolestes hispanicus[6] |
Sp nov |
Valid |
Nel |
A sieblosiid damselfly |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Isakar |
Arina Formation |
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[8]
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid taxon |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
An alvarezsaurid. |
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Valid taxon |
Salgado and Jose Bonaparte |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian) |
A dicraeosaurid. with Spines on its Neck |
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Valid taxon |
Bolotsky & Kurzanov |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
|||||
Valid taxon |
Calvo and Bonaparte |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
An alvarezsaurid. |
||||
Junior synonym |
George Olshevsky. |
Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) |
A junior objective synonym of Altispinax; new genus for "Acrocanthosaurus" altispinax Paul (1988). |
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Valid taxon |
Telles-Antunes & Sigogneau-Russell |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A troodontid. |
||||
Janenschia[15] |
Valid taxon |
Wild |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) |
A non-titanosauriform macronarian; new genus for "Gigantosaurus" robustus E. Fraas (1908). |
|||
Valid taxon |
George Olshevsky |
Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) |
A sauropod of uncertain affinities. |
||||
Junior synonym |
Hunt & S.G. Lucas |
A junior synonym of Coelophysis. |
|||||
Gillette |
|||||||
Valid taxon |
Le Loeuff and Buffetaut |
||||||
Valid taxon |
Telles-Antunes & Sigogneau-Russell |
Late Cretaceous |
An ornithischian of unknown affinities. |
||||
Tochisaurus[19] |
Valid taxon |
Kurzanov and Osmolska |
Cretaceous |
||||
Junior synonym |
George Olshevsky |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) |
Junior synonym of Supersaurus; replacement name for Ultrasaurus Jensen 1985 (preoccupied). |
||||
Valid taxon |
George Olshevsky |
Early Cretaceous (late Valanginian) |
Tunbridge Wells Formation |
An ornithomimosaur; new genus for "Megalosaurus" oweni Lydekker (1889). |
|||
Valid taxon |
A Noasaur. |
Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aidemedia chascax [20] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
||||||
Aidemedia lutetiae [20] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Aidemedia zanclops [20] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
|||||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Lev A. Nessov B. V. Prizemlin |
Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian, |
A Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Anatidae. |
||||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Anatidae, a moa-nalo, this is the type species of the genus. |
||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
|||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
|||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
An Accipitridae. |
||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
|||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Corvidae. |
||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Corvidae. |
||||||
Valid |
Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Philip R. Millener |
Otira Glacial Age |
An Acanthisittidae. |
||||
Grallistrix auceps [21] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Strigidae. |
|||||
Grallistrix erdmani [21] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Strigidae. |
|||||
Grallistrix geleches [21] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
A Strigidae, the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Grallistrix orion [21] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Strigidae. |
|||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, transferred to the genus Akialoa Olson et James, 1995 by Olson et James, 1995.[24] |
||||||
Valid |
Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
An Accipitriformes, Horusornithidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1991, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
Valid |
Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
Palaeocryptonyx hungaricus [26] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Dénes Jánossy |
A Phasianidae, transferred to the genus Plioperdix Kretzoi, 1955 as Plioperdix hungarica Comb. nov. by Nikita V. Zelenkov & Andrey V. Panteleyev.[27] |
||||
Pavo aesculapi phasianoides [26] |
Valid |
Subsp. nov. |
Dénes Jánossy |
A member of the family Phasianidae. Originally described as a subspecies of Pavo aesculapi; Zelenkov (2016) transferred it to the genus Syrmaticus and raised it to the rank of a separate species Syrmaticus phasianoides.[28] |
||||
Phalacrocorax kuehneanus [29] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Thomas Schlüter |
Minjingu |
||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Jacques Cheneval Léonard Ginsburg Benjavun Ratanasthien |
Late Early Miocene |
Li Mae |
||||
Porzana estramosi veterior [26] |
Valid |
Subsp. nov. |
Dénes Jánossy |
A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a subspecies of Porzana estramosi; Zelenkov (2017) transferred it to the genus Zapornia and raised it to the rank of a separate species Zapornia veterior.[31] |
||||
Porzana keplerorum [21] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Rallidae. |
|||||
Porzana menehune [21] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Rallidae. |
|||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Rallidae. |
||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Rallidae. |
||||||
Porzana ziegleri [21] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Rallidae. |
|||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Late Trias |
Late Carnian-Early Norian |
A Protoaviformes Chatterjee, 1991, Protoaviformes Chatterjee, 1991, the type and only species of the genus, no longer considered a bird. |
||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Aleksandr O. Averianov Andrei V. Panteleyev Olga R. Potapova Lev A. Nessov |
A Pseudodontornithidae Lambrecht, 1933. |
|||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Jorge I. Noriega |
Miramar Formation |
A Furnariidae, Philydorinae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Anatidae, a moa-nalo, this is the type species of the genus. |
||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
|||||||
Rallicrex polgardiensis [26] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Dénes Jánossy |
A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a species of Rallicrex; Zelenkov (2017) transferred this species to the genus Rallus.[31] |
||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
|||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
|||||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
|||||||
Tyto campiterrae [26] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Dénes Jánossy |
A Tytonidae. |
||||
Vangulifer mirandus [20] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
||||||
Vangulifer neophasis [20] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
||||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
|||||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, the type species of the new genus. |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Willis & Molnar |
Late Oligocene - Early Miocene |
Etadunna Formation |
A mekosuchine crocodilian described from a multitude of skeletons. |
|
|
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
|
Lower Permian |
Formerly assigned as an eosuchian diapsid, was restudied and classified as a varanopid synapsid.[37] |
||||
Valid |
|
Upper Permian |
A sphenacodontid synapsid. |