Presidents of the National Assembly of Councils (14 June - 6 August): Péter Ágoston, Dezső Bokányi, Miska Kovács, Jenő Pósz, János Szokob, Lajos Urbán
Events
January
January 1 – Czechoslovaks enter Bratislava
January 3 –
Romania begins pacifying the Jiu Valley by collecting weapons [1]
Mass looting in Salgótarján, after the communist-aligned workers' council takes control. A detachment from Hatvan restores order with about 18 deaths and 50 injuries.[2][3]
January 6 – First clash between Romanian and Hungarian forces at Aghireșu (Egeres)[4]
January 7 -
At an MSZDP meeting, Károlyi and Kunfi intervenes against Garami so that the party does not withdraw from government[5]
A pro-Czechoslovak Ruthenian council in Prešov declares Carpathian Ruthenia for Czechoslovakia[6]
January 8
Hutsul Republic declared in Yasinia (Kőrösmező)
Transylvanian Saxons declare for Romania in Mediaș
Allied economic committee sent by the American mission of Archibald Cary Coolidge arrives to Budapest, lead by Alonzo E. Taylor[7]
January 10 – French troops occupy a buffer zone in the Banat between Serbian and Romanian troops
January 11 – Mihály Károlyi named provisional President of the Republic by the National Council, tasked to form a new government[8]
January 12 – Czechoslovakia captures Uzhgorod (Ungvár)[9]
January 13 –
Székely Division halts Romanian advance at Crișeni (Cigányi)[4]
Árpád Paál finishes his memorandum on a "Székely Republic"
January 14 – Romanians arrest István Apáthy for trying to resist the establishment of Romanian administration in Cluj[10]
January 15–29 – Czechoslovakia temporarily occupies Balassagyarmat, pushed out by local resistance
January 16 – Furthest advance of combined Hutsul Republic and West Ukrainian forces into Carpathian Ruthenia. They reach Sighetu Marmației and Chop, confronted with Romanian and Czech troops respectively[11]
January 16–29 – Battle of Ciucea (Csucsa), Romanian advance halted
MSZDP and KMP unite to form the Socialist Party of Hungary
Károlyi falls from power
Hungary rejects the Vix Note
17:00 – Soldiers' Council declares for the communists, takes control of key points of Budapest[36]
Hungarian Soviet Republic declared
from 22:00 – First joint meeting of the Socialist Party of Hungary, Revolutionary Governing Council established[37]
March 22 – The Hungarian Soviet Republic is proclaimed to the public on the famous "To Everyone!" (Mindenkihez!) posters.
March 23 – Czechoslovak massacre in Želiezovce (Zselíz) kills 5 people[38]
March 26 – Red Guard established
March 29-April 6 – Székelys revolt in Ținutul Sării (Sóvidék)
April
April 1 - The National Guard and Financial Guard are merged into the Red Army
April 4
Provisional constitution establishes new election system
Lands above 100 acres nationalized
April 4–5 – Smuts Mission: Jan Smuts offers a more favorable demarcation line, the Soviet government rejects it
April 5 - On its last session, the Commission on Romanian and Yugoslav Affairs approves its border proposal for the Romanian-Hungarian border and the division of the Banat[39]
April 7–14 – Council elections in Soviet Hungary
April 10 – Zala county is split into Lower and Upper Zala counties counties
April 12 – Bethlen forms the Antibolsevista Comité (ABC) in Vienna[40]
April 14 – Anti-Soviet group formed in French-occupied Szeged by Béla Kelemen.[41]
April 16 – Successful Romanian offensive launched to capture Tiszántúl and Carpathian Ruthenia
April 19–24 – Counter-revolution in Carpathian Ruthenia
Full-scale Czechoslovak attack on Salgótarján begins
Kun and Böhm speak in front of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council, call for the mobilization of the proletariat, resolve to continue fighting[53]
Bankgasse robbery: ABC members steal 100 million Korona from the Hungarian Embassy in Vienna
In the power vacuum, counter-revolutionaries establish control in Szolnok, lead by Lajos Thurzó, Antal Bordás-Lassenberg and Andor Kuster. A white guard of 700-800 men is formed.[54]
May 3 - Red army (by Tibor Szamuely and Ottó Steinbrück) re-captures Szolnok from Romanians and counter-revolutionaries[55]
May 5
Counter-revolution breaks out in Devecser
First counter-revolutionary government formed by Gyula Károlyi in Arad[56]
Last session of the Committee on Czecho-Slovakia
May 6 – ABC militia raid repulsed at Bruck am Leitha
May 8
Central Ruthenian National Council headed by Ágoston Volosin declares the union Carpathian Ruthenia with Czechoslovakia
Committees of the Paris Peace Conference present recommended border with Romania and Czechoslovakia to the Council of Foreign Ministers[57][58][59]
May 9 The Workers' Council's system of Tursted Men is abolished in the Red Army[60]
Supreme Council of the Paris Peace Conference accepts border proposals, aside from Burgerland these match the final Trianon border[62][63]
Guido Romanelli is delegated to Budapest from the Italian Allied Mission in Vienna.
May 15 – Last session of the ABC. They agree that Pál Teleki should join the Arad/Szeged government, while Bethlen should stay to represent them from Vienna[64]
May 18 – Romanians enter Arad
May 19–20 – Battle of Kisterenye, Hungary repulses Czech attempts to encircle Salgótarján
May 20–21 – Hungary re-captures Miskolc, then repulses a combined Czech-Romanian counter-attack. French advisors replace Italians in the Czech army
May 29 – Republic of Prekmurje declared
May 30 Northern Campaign against Czechoslovakia begins[65]
May 31 – The Arad government flees to French-occupied Szeged. Some members are interned by Romanian forces. The First Szeged Government formed, including some former ABC members.[66] Miklós Horthy becomes Minister of Defense.
June
June 1 – Railway strike begins in Transdanubia[67]
The Szeged Government establishes the National Army lead by Horthy
June 7 – The Paris Peace Conference urges Hungary to withdraw, but does not specify a demarcation line. Béla Kun requests clarification, prompting the conference to finalize the border
June 10 – Hungary re-captures Bardejov (Bártfa), effectively cutting off Carpathian Ruthenia from Czechoslovakia[69]
June 12 – Paris Peace Conference resolves Hungary's future border with Romania and Czechoslovakia[70]
June 13 – Clemenceau Note: Clemenceau urges Hungary to withdraw from Slovakia, presents Hungary with the approved borders
June 14 – National Assembly of Councils, the Soviet Republic's legislature convenes for the first and only time
June 18 – Counter-revolutionary uprisings around the areas of Dunapataj, Rackeve, Ersekcsanad, Szekszard, Kalocsa and extending up to Transdanubia, brutally suppressed [71]
June 22 – Pellé's final ultimatum to cease hostilities in Slovakia[72]
June 23
Final constitution of the Socialist Federative Republic of Councils in Hungary passed
Hungarians in Apátfalva rise up against Romanian occupation. The returning Romanian forces kill 41 people in retaliation.[73]
June 24
Ceasefire between Hungary and Czechoslovakia ends the Northern Campaign, effective from 5:00 at dawn[74]
Counter-revolutionary uprising in Budapest by Ludovika militias and the Danubian flotilla
Right-wing paramilitaries of the Graz Command raid Fürstenfeld for weapons.[76]
July
July 3 – Aurél Stromfeld resigns from Command
July 5 – Mihály Károlyi flees from Hungary
July 11 – Paris Peace Conference cedes Burgerland to Austria[77]
July 12 – Gyula Károlyi resigns to Dezső Ábrahám to allied preassure, forming the Third Szeged Government
July 20 – Hungary launches its offensive across the Tisza[78]
July 22 – Czechoslovak legionaries blow up third of Mária Valéria Bridge on the Štúrovo side
July 23 – Böhm negotiates with Cuninghame in Vienna
July 24 – Romanian counter attack in Tiszántúl crushes the Red Army
July 25 – Mass murder in Hódmezővásárhely
July 28 – Romanian forces cross the Tisza at Tiszalök
July 31 – Romanians capture Szolnok
August
August 1
Béla Kun and the Revolutionary Governing Council resigns, effectively ending the Hungarian Soviet Republic. Gyula Peidl forms a purely social democratic government by the approval of the Soldiers' and Workers' council
Romanians capture Füzesabony, Miskolc is cut off from Budapest
August 2
The Peidl Government restores the Hungarian People's Republic
Romanians capture Cegléd, the encircled troops in Szolnok surrender or flee by 3 PM.
August 3
Romanian forces enter Timișoara
Red Guard dissolved
Defense minister Haubrich orders secession of hostilities, the disarmament of the Red Army remnants[80]
Counter-revolutionary takeover begins in Vas County
August 4
Romanian forces enter Budapest
First units of the National army leaves Szeged to Transdanubia, lead by Pál Prónay
Former ABC members, the Szeged Government and Vilmos Böhm negotiate in Jockey Club, Vienna. The Graz Command refuses to accept the Peidl Government and decides to invade Hungary[81]
August 5 - The Paris Peace Conference agrees to send a military mission to Budapest[82]
August 6
Anton Lehár arrives to Szombathely, takes command of counter-revolutionary forces in West Hungary
Habsburg legitimist Friedrich overthrows Peidl
August 7 –
Freidrich declares Archduke Joseph August head of state as Regent
Archduke Joseph August appoints Friedrich as Prime Minister, forms a Provisional Caretaker Government
Lehár's legitimists enter Kőszeg after "some resistance"[83]
August 9 –
Horthy declares himself independent of the Szeged Government
October 25 – Christian National Party and Christian Social and Economic Party unifies to form the Christian National Union Party (KNEP)
November
November 1 – Horthy denounces violence against Jews committed by the National Army[100]
November 5 – Negotiations lead by George Clerk, an agreement is reached that Miklós Horthy will enter Budapest. Horthy promises not to establish military dictatorship or start a pogrom in Budapest
November 7 – Paris Peace Council issues ultimatum to Romania to withdraw from Hungary.[101]
November 14 – Romanians leave Budapest
November 16 – Horthy's National Army ceremonially enter Budapest
November 17 – 5985. M.E. of 1919 s. decree re-affirms universal secret suffrage (from age 24, with literacy requirements for women)
November 21 – National Smallholders and Agricultural Laborers' Party and National 48-er Independence and Agricultural Laborers' Party unite to form the United Smallholders and Agricultural Laborers' Party (OKGFP)
November 23 – Romania finished withdrawal to the Tisza River
November 24 – Huszár Government formed with Clerk's supervision
November 27 – Border clash with Yugoslavia at Rédics. Hungarians march on Alsólendva but repulsed
December
December: Allies send provisional missions to Hungary, Thomas Hohler (UK), Maurice Fouchet (France), and Vittorio Cerruti (Italy)
December 1 – Hungary is invited to the Paris Peace Conference
December 8–18 – Czech forces withdraw from Balassagyarmat, Salgótarján, Ózd, Sátoraljaújhely, etc. to the future Trianon border
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