The year 1700 in music involved some significant events.

• John Eccles is appointed Master of the King's Musick.
• William Croft returns to the Chapel Royal, where he had been educated, as a "gentleman organist".
• William Corbett becomes director of the New Theatre at Lincoln's Inn Fields.
• Johann Sebastian Bach becomes a chorister at St. Michael's Church, Lüneburg.
• Tomaso Albinoni is employed as a violinist by Fernando Carlo, Duke of Mantua.
• An inventory of musical instruments kept by Prince Ferdinando de Medici provides the first evidence for the existence of the pianoforte.

• Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni – Sinfonie e concerti op. 2
• Johann Sebastian Bach
  • Prelude and Fugue in D minor, BWV 549a
  • Christ, der du bist der helle Tag, BWV 766
• John Blow – Amphion Anglicus
• Jacques Boyvin – Livre d'orgue II
• Sébastien de Brossard – O miraculum!, SdB.006
• Antonio Caldara
  • La frode della castità
  • Il trionfo dell'innocenza
• Choice Collection of Ayres for the Harpsichord or Spinnet by John Blow, Jeremiah Clarke, Francis Piggott, John Barrett and William Croft
• Jeremiah Clarke – Prince of Denmark's March (approximate date)
• Arcangelo Corelli – XII Suonati a violino e violone o cimbalo (Op. 5), published in Rome
• John Eccles – The Mad Lover
• Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer – Musicalischer Parnassus
• Godfrey Keller
  • The Royal Trumpett-Suite
  • 8 Trio Sonatas
• Johann Kuhnau – Musicalische Vorstellung einiger biblischer Historien (Biblical sonatas), published in Leipzig
• Johann Sigismund Kusser
  • 6 Overture Suites 'Apollon Enjoué'
  • 6 Overture Suites 'Festin des Muses'
• Isabella Leonarda – Motetti a voce sola con istromenti, Op.20
• Alessandro Scarlatti – Il rosignolo se scioglie il volo, H.318

• Carlo Agostino Badia – La costanza d'Ulisse
• André Campra – Hésione
• John Eccles – The Judgment of Paris
• Alessandro Scarlatti – Eracles

• Jacques Boyvin – Traité abrégé de l'accompagnement
• Johann Kuhnau – Der musicalische Quack-Salber
• Friedrich Erhardt Niedt – Musicalische Handleitung

• January 14 – Picander, librettist for Johann Sebastian Bach (died 1764)
• March 13 – Michel Blavet, flautist (died 1768)
• April 2 – Francesca Cuzzoni, opera singer (died 1770)
• probable
  • Sebastian Bodinus, composer (d. 1759)
  • Jean-Baptiste Masse, cellist and composer (died c.1757)

• January 16 – Antonio Draghi, opera composer (born c.1634)
• February 8 – Filippo Acciaiuoli, opera composer, librettist and manager (born 1637)
• June 6 – Wespazjan Kochowski, historian, poet and writer (born 1633)
• probable
  • August Kühnel, viola da gamba player and composer (b. 1645)
  • Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, violist and composer (born c.1640)