The year 1654 in music involved some significant events.

Events

• April 21 – Francisco Lopez Capillas becomes chapelmaster of Mexico City Cathedral.^[1]
• Georg Caspar Wecker becomes organist of the Frauenkirche in Nuremberg.
• The newly formed Innsbruck opera company open's with Antonio Cesti's Cleopatra
• Violin maker Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Guarneri opens a workshop in Cremona.

Publications

• Jacob van Eyck – Der Fluyten Lust-hof (4th edition)

Classical music

• Louis Couperin – Fugue Grave sur Urbs Beata Jherusalem

Opera

• Antonio Maria Abbatini – Del male in bene
• Francesco Cavalli
  • Ciro
  • Xerse, January 12 at the Teatro SS Giovanni e Paolo in Venice
• Antonio Cesti – Cleopatra, with libretto by Dario Varotari the Younger, Innsbruck, date unknown.
• Francesco Provenzale – Teseo

Births

• February 3 – Pietro Antonio Fiocco, composer (died 1714)
• July 25 – Agostino Steffani, bishop, diplomat and composer (died 1728)
• September – Vincent Lübeck, organist and composer (died 1740)
• October 23 – Johann Bernhard Staudt, composer (died 1712)
• date unknown
  • Étienne Loulié, French musician, teacher and music theorist (died 1702)^[2]
  • Count Ludovico Roncalli, composer for guitar (died 1713)
• probable – Servaes de Koninck, composer (died c.1701)

Deaths

• February 19 – Edmund Chilmead, writer, translator and musician (born 1610)
• March 24 – Samuel Scheidt, organist and composer (born 1587)
• date unknown – Francisco Correa de Arauxo, organist and composer (born 1584)
• probable – Julius Ernst Rautenstein, composer (born c.1590)