Utaifa ni itikadi ya mtu kupenda taifa lake kupita kiasi, hata kudharau watu wa mataifa mengine. Hivyo ni tofauti na uzalendo unaomfanya mtu apende nchi yake kwa kutambua mema mengi aliyopata kutoka kwake.
[1]
Mara nyingi unajitokeza pia kama dharau kwa wananchi walio tofauti na kawaida kwa utamaduni, lugha n.k.
Katika ngazi ya chini, tunakuta ukabila.
Bendera ya taifa, wimbo wa taifa na alama nyingine za utambulisho ni muhimu katika kuchochea uzalendo, lakini mara nyingine zinachangia utaifa.[3][4][5]
Elimunafsia inaeleza kwamba pendo kwa taifa linatokana na haja ya kuhusiana na wengine, lakini ni tofauti na mapendo mengine, k.mf. pendo kwa dini au kwa mchumba.
Kwa vyovyote ukomavu unadai mtu ajali wenzake asiwaone kama maadui kwa sababu tu ni tofauti naye.
Marejeo mengine
- Breuilly, John (1994). Nationalism and the State, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-07414-5.
- Brubaker, Rogers (1996). Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57224-X.
- Greenfeld, Liah (1992). Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-60318-4.
- Hobsbawm, Eric J. (1992). Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality, 2nd, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43961-2.
- Jusdanis, Gregory (2001). The Necessary Nation. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07029-6.
- Malesevic, Sinisa (2006). Identity As Ideology: Understanding Ethnicity and Nationalism. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-8786-6.
- Miscevic, Nenad (1 June 2010). Nationalism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University.
- "Nations and Nationalism". Harvard Asia Pacific Review 11 (1). Spring 2010. ISSN 1522-1113
. http://issuu.com/harvard_asia_pacific_review/docs/hapr11.1?viewMode=magazine.
- Özkirimli, Umut (2010). Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction, 2nd, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-230-57732-6.
- Royce, Mathias O. (5 August 2010). The Rise and Propagation of Political Right-Wing Extremism: The Identification and Assessment of Common Sovereign Economic and Socio-Demographic Determinants. Working Paper Series. Swiss Management Center.
- Nationality: The History of a Social Phenomenon. Nationality in World History (2008).