Nyoka mnafiki
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Nyoka mnafiki wa Taita (Boulengerula taitanus)
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Uainishaji wa kisayansi
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Himaya:
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Animalia (Wanyama)
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Faila:
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Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)
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Ngeli:
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Amfibia (Wanyama wanaoanza maisha kwenye maji na kuendelea nchi kavu)
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Oda:
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Gymnophiona (Nyoka wanafiki)
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Ngazi za chini
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Familia 10:
- Caeciliidae
- Chikilidae
- Dermophiidae
- Herpelidae
- Ichthyophiidae
- Indotyphlidae
- Rhinatrematidae
- Scolecomorphidae
- Siphonopidae
- Typhlonectidae
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Nyoka wanafiki ni wanyama wa oda Gymnophiona katika ngeli Amfibia wafananao na nyoka au nyungunyungu wakubwa. Wanyama hawa si nyoka au nyungunyungu kwa ukweli na hata si Reptilia au Annelida. Wana mnasaba na salamanda na vyura lakini hawana miguu. Mkia wao ni mfupi sana au umetoweka, kwa hivyo kloaka iko karibu na mwisho wa mwili. Hupitisha maisha yao yote wakichimba ardhini lakini spishi za familia Typhlonectidae huishi majini na zina aina ya pezi juu ya sehemu ya nyuma ya mwili ambayo inazisaidia kwenda mbele majini. Macho ya nyoka wanafiki ni wadogo na yamefunika kwa ngozi. Kwa hivyo hawawezi kuona vizuri lakini wanaweza kutambua baina ya nuru na giza. Wanyama hawa wanatokea katika mahali pa majimaji pa tropiki kama Afrika, Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki na Amerika ya Kati na ya Kusini.
Nyoka wanafiki hawana ndubwi kama salamanda au vyura. Spishi chache tu (±25%) hutaga mayai, nyingine huzaa wana wanaofanana na wazazi wao. Hata watagamayai takriban wote hutoka mayai kama nyoka wadogo. Spishi chache tu zina wana wanaofanana na ndubwi wenye matamvua na hata hawa hawaishi majini lakini katika udongo chepechepe karibu na maji, isipokuwa wale wa Typhlonectidae.
- Boulengerula boulengeri, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Usambara (Usambara bluish-grey caecilian)
- Boulengerula changamwensis, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Changamwe (Changamwe caecilian)
- Boulengerual denhardti, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Tana (Tana River caecilian)
- Boulengerula fischeri, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Nyungwe (Nyungwe Forest caecilian)
- Boulengerula niedeni, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Sagalla (Sagalla caecilian)
- Boulengerula uluguruensis, Nyoka Mnafiki Pinki wa Uluguru (Uluguru pink caecilian)
- Crotaphatrema bornmuelleri, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Bornmüller (Bornmüller's caecilian)
- Crotaphatrema lamottei, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Mlima Oku (Mont Oku caecilian)
- Crotaphatrema tchabalmbaboensis, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Mlima Tchabal Mbabo (Mont Tchabal Mbabo caecilian)
- Geotrypetes angeli, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Gini (Geotrypetes angeli)
- Geotrypetes pseudoangeli, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Liberia (Geotrypetes pseudoangeli)
- Geotrypetes seraphini, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Gaboni (Gaboon caecilian)
- Grandisonia alternans, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Stejneger (Stejneger's caecilian)
- Grandisonia brevis, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Mahe (Mahé caecilian)
- Grandisonia larvata, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Bahari ya Hindi (Indian Ocean caecilian)
- Grandisonia sechellensis, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Shelisheli (Seychelles caecilian)
- Herpele multiplicata, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Viktoria (Victoria caecilian)
- Herpele squalostoma, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Kongo (Congo caecilian)
- Hypogeophis rostratus, Nyoka Mnafiki Pua-ncha (Frigate Island caecilian)
- Idiocranium russeli, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Makumuno Assumbo (Makumuno Assumbo caecilian)
- Praslinia cooperi, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Cooper (Praslin caecilian)
- Schistometopum gregorii, Nyoka Mnafiki Mkazi-matope (Mud-dwelling caecilian)
- Schistometopum thomense, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Sao Tome (São Tomé caecilian)
- Scolecomorphus kirkii, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Kirk (Kirk's caecilian)
- Scolecomorphus uluguruensis, Nyoka Mnafiki Zaituni wa Uluguru (Uluguru olive caecilian)
- Scolecomorphus vittatus, Nyoka Mnafiki Mgongo-mweusi (Banded caecilian)
- Sylvacaecilia grandisonae, Nyoka Mnafiki wa Aleku (Aleku caecilian)
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Nyoka mnafiki wa Kongo
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Eiselt's caecilia
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Argentine caecilian
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Mexican caecilian
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Varagua caecilian
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Angoulême microcaecilian
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Ringed caecilian
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Boettger's caecilian
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Cayenne caecilian
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Rio Cauca caecilian