Muvara (kureva colour) kana ruvara zvinodudza kudaira kweziso richipirikira mhando dzechiedza apo richinge ragamuchira chiedza chine ndefusai hwakasiyana. Chiedza, chidimbu chenangazira regetsimagineti (electromagnetic spectrum). Chiedza chinowanikwa chiine mhando dzeruvara ese anozivikanwa. Kuwonekwa kunoitwa mavara neziso kunoitika apo chiedza chinowira pachinhu chingava chipfeko kana chii. Ngatimboti chiedza chawira pachiro chitsvuku. Chinoita kuti ziso rizowona ruvara rutsvuku urwu ndechekuti, dzimwe mhando dzemuvara dzinonwira pachipfeko ichi asi chipfeko chinohwitudza ruvara rutsvuku. Nokudaro ziso rinowona ruvara rutsvuku chete.
Zvakanaka kuwonesana kuti chiedza chine hunyambiri; chingawonekwa sesebhe uye chingawonekwa semasaisai.
Sainzi yemavara dzimwe nguva inonzi marhangi (chromatics), pimaruvara (colormetry), kana kungonzi sainzi yemavara. Inosanganisira kufunda kwekuonekwa kwemavara neziso remunhu uye huropi, mabviro erudzi muzvinhu, gorokodzwa ye ruvara muuseza, uye fundoyetsimba yeunye wegetsimagineti (electromagnetic radiation) munzvimbo inoonekwa (ndiko kuti, izvo zvinowanzo kunzi sechiedza chete).[1]
Unye we Getsimagineti inoratidzirwa ne ndefusai (kana rudido) uye kusimba kwayo. Kana ndefusai riri mukati mechiono chinoonekwa (huwandu hwe ndefusai hwunogona kuonekwa ne vanhu, unogona kubva pa390 nm kusvika 700 nm), inozivikanwa se "chiedza chinooneka".
Ruvara | inthavhoro ye ndefusai | indavhoro ye rudido | |
---|---|---|---|
Tsvuku | ~ 700–635 nm | ~ 430–480 THz | |
Ranjisi | ~ 635–590 nm | ~ 480–510 THz | |
Huroro | ~ 590–560 nm | ~ 510–540 THz | |
Zerere | ~ 560–520 nm | ~ 540–580 THz | |
Sieni | ~ 520–490 nm | ~ 580–610 THz | |
Ungu | ~ 490–450 nm | ~ 610–670 THz | |
Fuvana | ~ 450–400 nm | ~ 670–750 THz |
Mutsika dzevanhu venyika dzakasiyana siyana mavara anezvirevo, uye mamiriro akasiyana[2]. Izvi zvinoonekwa mushandosirwo emavara mumanyika, muenzaniso uri wekuti munyika yedu ye Zimbabwe ruvara rutsvuku runoonekwa seruvara reropa neupenyu nerevaya vakashaya. Kunyanya ropa revaya vakafa (vakashaya) munguva yehondo dzeChimurenga.[3][4]
Tsvuku, Huroro ne Ungu ndivo mavara anonzi mavara ekutanga. Mavara ekutanga maseti emavara chaiwo kana chiedza chemavara anogona kusanganiswa muhuwandu hwakasiyana kuti abudise (kana kuti asikiswe) mamwe mavara.[5] Nekuda kwekusanganisa mavara maviri akasiyana kana anopfuura maviri, tinokwanisa kusika mavara matsva. Semuenzaniso, kusanganisa tsvuku nechena zvinogadzira kiwani, uye huroro netsvuku inogadzira ranjisi.
Mabvute e tsvuku | Mabvute e tema | Mabvute e jena | Mabvute e pfumbu | Mabvute e ungu | Mabvute e huroro | Mabvute eRanjisi | Mabvute eZerere | Mabvute eKiwani | Mabvute esieni | Mabvute eMbise | Mabvute eHute
Ruvara tema ndiro ruvara runowanikwa panoshayikwa kana pasina kukwana kwakazara kwe chiedza chinooneka. Asi mavara matema akati siyanei neruvara tema nekuti anechiedza chinoonekwa, asi chiedza chachona chirimbijana.
Ruvara/bvute | Enzano | Khodhi | Chingezi | vambo rezita |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ntema | #000100 | vantablack; blackest black | ||
Tematema | #0A0A0A | Jet black | ||
Tema | #000000 | Black | ||
onishi | #030104 | onyx black | muchitsonga x ndi sh; shona hayina x. | |
rdzvipu | #020403 | obsidian black | ||
vunzvi | #483C41 | Pitch black | ||
dema | #555D50 | ebony black | ||
rasha | #28231D | charcoal black |
Mhando dze mivara tema.
Mavara maUngu ruvara rutema.
Ruvara | Enzano | Khodhi | Chingezi[7] | Vambo rezita |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dhimba | #000080 | Navy; Dark blue | seshiri yacho[8] | |
#120A8F | Ultramarine; 'beyond sea' | |||
Safira, Safiri | #0F52BA | Sapphire blue | ||
Ndyigo, Ndhligo | #3F00FF | Indigo | ||
Getsi-ungu | #3137FD | Electric blue | [9] kana futi getswungu | |
Ungu | #0000FF | Blue | ||
Yazuru | #007FFF | azure | kureva yeuzuru | |
Hwasi, Vasi | #87CEEB | Sky blue | wasi - sokutodza Chitsonga | |
Ungwana | #ADD8E6 | light blue | ||
Fifu[10] | grey-blue | |||
Sieni | #00FFFF | Cyan | ||
Terukosi | #40E0D0 | Turqoise | ||
Tilo | #008080 | Teal |
Mhando dzeruvara rweungu.
Mhando dzeruvara rwe zerere dzinogona kusiyana mumarhangi ehyu (hue chroma) zvichireva masimbiro kana kuzara kwe chiedza zve, kana kupenya kwe zvinhu zviviri kana zvitatu.
Ruvara | Enzano | Khodhi | Chingezi[11] | Vambo rezita |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zerere | #008000 | Green | ||
Emurodhi | #00573D | Emerald green | ||
#00A86B | Jade green | yu [chichayina] ok, bichwi [korean], gyoku; hisui [chijapani][12] | ||
Puwa | #DFFF00 | Chartreuse | ||
Orivhi | #98BF64 | Olive green | ||
Pfumvudza | #4F7942 | fern/muddy-green | ||
seji | #B2AC88 | sage green | ||
zererena | #90EE90 | light green |
Mhando dzeruvara rwezerere.
Mavara ehuroro mavara machena muChishona nekuti mavara akajeka.
Ruvara | Enzano | Khodhi | Chingezi |
---|---|---|---|
Huroro | #FFFF00 | Yellow[13] | |
Ndarama, Goridhe | #FFD700 | Gold | |
Ruraza[8] | #FFFFBF | pale/cream yellow | |
Tomborwiyo | #FFEFF00 | canary yellow | |
Ruhlare, Rushare[8] | #FEDB79 | flaxen/blondeyellow | |
Hxaridhari | #E1AD01 | mustard (yellow) mavambo Chihebheru/Chiarabhu -> hardal; khardal | |
Raranjiro | #FFBF00 | amber | |
Puwa | #DFFF00 | chartreuse/greenish-yellow[14] | |
Ibvebve | #FFFF00 | bright yellow[15] |
Mhando dzeruvara rwehuroro.
Mavara mambise anovanzo onekwa pavanhu vaneganda tema.
Ruvara | Enzano | Kodhi yemuvara | Chirungu | vambo rezita |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mbise | #422A14 | Brown | ||
Tsvichiri | #2A0001 | Mahogany | senge mahogany tree, 'muchichiri'[16] | |
Chokoreti | #7B3F00 | Chocolate | ||
Kofi | #6F4E37 | Coffee | ||
#C68E17 | golden-brown | |||
Ndarira | #CD7F32 | Bronze | ||
Svundu | reddish-brown | |||
Mbisana | #C4A484 | light brown | mbise chena (-na) | |
Vunde | #D2B48C | tan | bvunde (sorghum) | |
Mdhaka | #F5F5DC | beige | ||
Khakhi | #C3B091 | khaki | ||
Sepiya | #704214 | sepia |
Ruvara Mbise.
Shoko rekuti Ranjisi raisavapo muChishona nekuti vanhu vaidana zvese mavara tsvuku nemarinjisi kuti tsvuku (dzvuku) nekuda kwekuti akati fananei, uye anovanikwa panguva imwechete.
Ruvara | Enzano | Kodhi yemuvara | Chirungu |
---|---|---|---|
Ranjisi | #FFA500 | Orange | |
Nachisi | #F28500 | Tangerine | |
Raranjiro | #FFBF00 | Amber |
Zvisikwa zvineruvara rweranjisi.
Mavara matsvuku mavara akutsvukira seropa.
Ruvara | Enzano | Kodhi yemuvara | Chirungu | Tsananguro |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vomvu[8] | #FF2400 | Scarlet | sokutodza mhodzi tsvuku | |
Tsvuku | #FF0000 | Red | kana dzvuku, bzvuku | |
Shava, Java | #800000 | Maroon | ||
#990000 | Crimson | |||
Rhanje | #E34234 | Vermilion | Ruvara ruri pakati petsvuku neranjisi/raranji | |
Rhubhi | #E0115F | Ruby | ||
#A52A2A | Auburn[17] | inosanganisa mbise ne tsvuku | ||
Wayini, mbiringa | #722F37 | Wine red; merlot | wine or vinous (vine); (za)mbiringa[18] | |
#800020 | Burgundy[19] | tsvuku yakasvibira | ||
Tsvichiri | #C04000 | mahogany | senge mahogany tree, 'muchichiri'[16] | |
Sheri | #DE3163 | cerise/cherry | ||
Svundu | #A81C07 | rufous, red-brown | izwi rinobva kuruvara runotaurwa neMakaranga[20] |
Zvinhu zvineruvara tsvuku.
Mavara maKiwani anogadzirwa nekusanganisa ruvara tsvuku neruvara chena.
Ruvara | Enzano | Kodhi yemuvara | Chirungu |
---|---|---|---|
Kiwani | #FC0FC0 | Pink | |
Svcwani | #FF69B4 | Hot pink | |
Sheri | #DE3163 | Cerise/cherry | |
Varidha | #F59FB7 | Rose |
Zvinhu zvineruvara rwetsvukuchena.
Mavara mahute mavara matsvuki nekuti aripadhuze nekiwani netsvuku, uye mavara anogadzirwa nekusanganisa mavara maUngu nematsvuku.
Ruvara | Enzano | Kodhi yemuvara | Chirungu | Chirevo/vambo rezita |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hute | #A32CC4 | Purple | ||
Mahentha | #A1045A | Magenta | tsvuku ne hute | |
Fuvana | #710193 | Violet | kubva kuzita re violet trees mufufu, mupfuvavana[21][22]
Chipvufanana; Mufufu; Munyapunyapu; Munyazvirombo; Mutangeni | |
Farata | #E39FF6 | Lavender | kubva kuzita re lavender croton
Gunukira; Mubangwa; Mufandemengwe; Mufarata[23] | |
Bhoni | #9867C5 | Iris | iris reziso rinonzi bhoni/mboni [24]
yakapihwa zita nekuda kwe pattern ye ruva ne ziso | |
Gatawa[8] | #B65FCF | Lilac | zita uye ruvara rwe maruva e persian lilac tree, Musiringa[25] | |
Punje | #9966CC | Amethyst | dzinde rine maruva anowanikwa mu purple, amethyst ne lavender, [26]
kamupunje; mujumba; mushari |
Mabvute eHute
ruvara/bvute | enzano | khodhi | chingezi | chirevo chezita |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jumba | #DA70D6 | orchid; "amythest orchid" | mhando ye ruvara rwe amethyst,
Tarisai pamusoro mu "chirevo/vambo rezita" | |
Shari | amethyst futi | |||
Nukira | #E0B0FF | mauve | lavender, tarisai pamusoro futi | |
Ndemengwe; mengwe | lavender futi |
Zvinhu zvineruvara hute.
Tarisai futi peji re Mavara ePfumbu
Ruvara pfumbu runowanzo onekwa panguva yekunaya makore paanoshanduka kuita pfumbu.
Ruvara | Enzano | Kodhi yemuvara | Chirungu | Tsananguro |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pfumbu | #808080 | Grey | kana pfupfu | |
Pfupfuma | #A9A9A9 | Dark grey | ||
Darejena | #C0C0C0 | Silver | kana sirivha | |
Fifu | #6699CC | Grey blue | ||
Rasha | #36454F | Charcoal |
Zvinhu zveruvara pfumbu.
Mavara machena ndiwo mavara ane chiedza chinokwanisa kuoneka, uye mavara akajeka. Mavara ese anosanganiswa neruvara chena anoreuruka kudarika vara rwavo rekutanga.
Ruvara | Enzano | Kodhi yemuvara | Chirungu | Tsananguro |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chena | #FFFFFF | White | kana jena | |
Rwomba | #FFFDD0 | Cream | zvimwe sa ruomba |
Mhuka chena.
Ruvara | Enzano | Kodhi yemuvara | Chirungu | Tsananguro |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tematema | #0A0A0A | Jet black | ||
Tema | #000000 | Black | ||
Vunzvi | #483C41 | Pitch black | Rinobva kumashoko ekuti: Nhema neTema. | |
Pfumbu | #808080 | Grey | ||
Rasha | #36454F | Charcoal | Rinoreva kuti charcoal kana coal muChirungu. | |
Fifu | #6699CC | Grey blue | Rinosikwa nekubatanidza mavara maviri pfumbu ne ungu. | |
Darejena | #C0C0C0 | Silver | Rakabva kushoko reChirungu rekuti silver | |
Mbise | #422A14 | Brown | ||
Mahogeni | #2A0001 | Mahogany | Ruvara ruri brownish-red | |
Chokoreti | #7B3F00 | Chocolate | Rakabva kuChirungu chocolate | |
Kofi | #6F4E37 | Coffee | Rinobva kushoko reChirungu coffee | |
? | #C68E17 | Caramel, golden-brown | ||
Mbisana | #B5651D | Light brown | ||
Ndarira | #CD7F32 | Bronze | ||
Mdhaka | beige | kana dhakadhaka | ||
Svundu | reddish-brown, rufous | |||
Vomvu | #FF2400 | Scarlet red | Richireva ruvara tsvuku rakajekesa | |
Tsvuku | #FF0000 | Red | ||
Shava | #800000 | Maroon | ||
? | #990000 | Crimson | ||
Rhanje | #E34234 | Vermillion | Rhanje rinobva pakutiRanjisi, ndewe chitsvuku-ranjisi. | |
Rhubhi | #E0115F | Ruby | kubva paChingezi | |
Mahentha | #A1045A | Magenta | kubva paChingezi | |
Gatawa | #B65FCF | Lilac | kubva pashiri Gatahwa[8] | |
Farata | #E39FF6 | Lavender | kubva pamuti wacho | |
Bhoni | #9867C5 | Iris | senge bhoni reziso | |
Hute | #A32CC4 | Purple | senge muhute, muti wacho. | |
Fuvana | #710193 | Violet | kubva paruva reChishona | |
Punje | #9966CC | Amethyst | kubva pamuti unemaruva eruvara rwacho | |
Dhimba | #000080 | Navy | senge shiri - dhimba | |
? | #120A8F | Ultramarine | ||
Ungu | #0000FF | Blue | ||
Getsi-ungu | #3137FD | Electric blue | Hapasati paane shoko | |
Ndyigo | #3F00FF | Indigo | kubva paChingezi | |
Safira | #0F52BA | Sapphire | kana safiri, safire | |
Yazuru | #87CEEB | Sky blue | kubva pa uzuru | |
Sieni | #00FFFF | Cyan | kubva paChingezi - cyan | |
Terukosi | #40E0D0 | Turqoise | Ishoko rinobva futi kuChirungu Turqoise | |
Tilo | #008080 | Teal | Rinobva kuChirungu teal | |
Zerere | #008000 | Green | ||
? | #00573D | Emerald green | Rinobva kuChirungu emerald | |
Pfumvudza | senge muti | |||
Zererenye | Light-green | |||
Puwa | #DFFF00 | Chartreuse | Ishoko rinoreva kuti "of the flower", richireva ruvara
rwe yellow-green kana chartreuse | |
Huroro | #FFFF00 | Yellow | ||
Ruraza | #FFFCBB | Creamy-yellow | [8] | |
Shora | straw-yellow | |||
Ruhlare | blonde/flaxen | kana rushare[8] | ||
Ndarama | #FFFD700 | Gold | kana goridhe | |
Raranjiro | #FFBF00 | Amber | Rinoreva ruvara ruri huroro neranjisi (shining yellow orange) | |
Ranjisi | #FFA500 | Orange | ||
Nachisi | #F28500 | Tangerine | ||
Sheri | #DE3163 | Cerise | Rinobva kushoko reChirungu cerise | |
Svcwani | #FF69B4 | Hot pink | svikiwani - tichitodza Chingova, Chikaranga. | |
Kiwani | #FC0FC0 | Pink | Rinobva kuChuma chekiwani (pink / rose coloured beads) | |
Varhi | #F59FB7 | Rose | Rinobva kuChirungu rose | |
Rwomba | #FFFDD0 | Cream | ||
Chena | #FFFFFF | White | kana futi - jena |
Muchiverenga zivai kuti munguva yechinyakare Vatorwa vasati vasvika kuUmambo hweMashona kuti vatengeranise machira, ndarama madhayamondi nezvimwe.[27] Uye mavara ekutanga aionekwa muzvisikwa zvakaita se:
Mamwe mavara aionekwa mudenga muchimiro cheMuraraungu, kana ruvara rwedenga panguva yekuvira kwezuva.
Pakazotanga kutsinhanakana kugovanisana kweMashona neVatorwa machira nezvishongo ndopakazouuya mavara mamwe akasiyana siyana. Kugovanisana kwatanga munguva yeMapungubwe ikaenderera munguva yeHukuru hweDzimbadzamambwe (Great Zimbabwe), ikabva yawanda munguva yeHumambo hwaMutapa (Mutapa empire).
Zvakadaro, mavara akawanda nezvinhu zvakawanda zveChishona zvinitumidzwa nekuda kwechirevo kanachifananidzo chechinhu chacho. Enzano; Ranjisi ne hute ese mavara ari maviri akatumidzwa kuteera michero ane mavara aida kudanwa. Asi, rangarirai kuti mamwe mazita ezvinhu akabva kuChirungu nekuda kwekuti akanga asimo muChishona, kana nekuda kwekuti vanhu vakatanga kudzikisira mutauro wavo wachikudza Chirungu uyezvo mashoko akarasika. Enzano; Vhiore kana Rubhi mashoko akatorwa kuChirungu.
Mamwe mashoko asimo muChishona anotorwa kumimwe mitauro yechiBantu, kunyanya chiNdebele nemimwe mitauro iri muZimbabwe. Enzano; Goridhe (Ndarama) ishoko rakabva kumutauro wechiNguni.
Mashoko aya anotaurwa kuKalanga:
Chindevere | IsiNdebele
MuChindevere shoko rekuti muvara kana ruvara rinonzi umbala. Zvinozivikwa kuti muvara kana ruvara muChishona zvinoreva ruvara rimwe asi kana awanda anonzi mavara. MuChindebele mavara anonzi imibala.
Mazita e mavara muChindebele anodeedzwa sezvakanyorwa pazasi.
Chivhenda | Tshivenda
Chivhenda, mumwe mutauro unotaurwa muNyika yeZimbabwe. MuChivenda shoko rekuti muvara rinonzi muvhala. Mazita e mavara muChivenda akanyorwa pazasi.
Chitswana | Setswana
Chitswana kana Setswana mumwe mutauro pa mitauro 16 inotaurwa muNyika yeZimbabwe. Shoko rekuti mavara muChitswana rinonzi Mabala. Mazita e mavara muChitswana akanyorwa pazasi.
Mavara muChixhosa anonzi Imibala.
Chitonga semimwe 16 mituaro inotaurwa muNyika yeZimbabwe. Mavara muChitonga zvinoreva kuti musyobo.
Muhlovo ishoko remaTsonga rekudeedza iro shoko rinozivikwa neMashona se muvara.
Mu Chichewa shoko rekuti Mitundi zvinoreva kuti Mavara.
Mitauro ye dzimwe nyika