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Sunni atau Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah atau Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama'ah (bahaso Arab: أهل السنة والجماعة) atau labiah acok disingkek Ahlul-Sunnah (bahaso Arab: أهل السنة) atau Aswaja adolah kalompok Muslim tagadang nan tanamo sabagai golongan nan manjalankan sunnah jo panakanan pado panaladanan caro iduik Rasulullah Muhammad ﷺ.[1] Kiro-kiro 90% umaik Muslim sadunia marupokan kaum Sunni.[2][1] Sunni kadang-kadang disabuik juo sabagai "Islam Ortodoks".[3][4] Namun, orientalis lain nan manaliti Islam, sarupo John Burton picayo baso indak ado nan banamo "Islam Ortodoks".
Islam Sunni babeda jo Syiah. Pabedaan ko muncua dek indak supakaik kaduonyo takaik palanjuik kapamimpinan Islam sasudah Nabi Muhammad, nan samakin lamo pabedaan ko bakambang inggo ranah teologi (aqidah) jo hukum (fiqih).[5]
Manuruik ajaran Sunni, Nabi indak manantuan sacaro jaleh jo tageh urang nan malanjuikan kapamimpinan umaik dan umaik batindak sasuai jo sunnah baliau untuak mamiliah mintuo nan juo sahabaik liau, Abu Bakar, subagai khalifah partamo.[6] Hal iko jaleh babeda jo kayakinan Syiah, dima Nabi manunjuak sepupu sakaligus minantunyo, Ali bin Abi Thalib sabagai panaruihnyo katiko kajadian Ghadir Khumm.[7][8][9][10][11] Katagangan politik antaro kaduonyo taruih balanjuik sapanjang sijarah Islam dan kini samakin manjadi-jadi jo banyaknyo konflik nan tajadi.[6]
Alquran, basamo jo sunnah (tarutamo nan takumpua dalam Kutubus Sittah) sarato konsensus ulama (ijma') manjadi dasa utamo untuak panantuan hukum dalam Islam Sunni. Kaputusan-kaputusan syaraknyo marujuak pado sumber-sumber utamo tadi, nan dipadukan jo kasejahteraan sarato kapantiangan umaik di dalamnyo. Untuak pamasalahan teologi (aqidah), ajaran Sunni bapadoman pado rukun iman nan anam nan tadiri dari tigo mazhab iyolah Asy'ariyah jo Maturidiyah nan rasionalis sarato Atsari nan tekstualis.
Muslim Sunni picayo baso sahabaik-sahabaik Muhammad ﷺ adolah Muslim nan paliang baiak. Kapicayoan ko barasa dari hadis nabi nan diriwayaikan dek Abdullah bin Masud, nan mano Rasullah basabda: "Nan tabaiak dari umaik ambo yaitu generasi ambo, lalu nan datang sasudahnyo, kudian nan datang sasudahnyo." Panyatoan ko didukuang dek Alquran, manuruik pandangan Sunni.[16] Sunni pun picayo baso sahabaik-sahabaik ko nan sabananyo urang bariman (Mukmin) sajak diagiah tugeh untuak mangumpuaan Alquran. Salanjuiknyo, pariwayatan dari sahabaik ko (ahadits) disabuik sabagai sumber hukum jo ajaran kaduo dalam Islam dek Sunni. Manuruik panalitian nan dilakuan Pew Research Center pado 2010 dan dikaluakan Januari 2011[17] didapekan baso ado 1,62 miliar Muslim di dunia, nan dipakirokan 85-90% adolah Sunni.[18]
Ado banyak ulama nan ahli di bidang hukum Islam atau fiqih, acok marujuak pado mazhab nan diakui. Baragam mazhab mampunyoi tradisi ajaran nan mancaminkan suduik pandang nan babeda-beda pado babarapo masalah hukum jo kewajiban dalam Islam. Samantaro ciek mazhab maanggap suatu tindakan atau amalan sabagai hal wajib, mazhab nan lain bisa jadi maanggapnyo sabagai pilihan sajo atau sunah. Mazhab-mazhab fiqih ko indak disabuik sabagai sekte, malainkan labiah pado ragam suduik pandang dalam manyikapi isu-isu nan indak dianggap sabagai inti dari ajaran Islam. Sijarawan-sijarawan babeda pandapaik tantang prinsip-prinsip dasa nan dianuik tiok-tiok mazhab nan diikuti.
Ulama-ulama banyak bapandapaik baso Ahlussunnah tabagai duo kalompok: Ahlur Ra'yu atau "rasionalis", nan manakankan pado paralunyo panilaian ilmiah jo wacana (panggalian aka jo logika); jo Ahlul Hadits, atau "kaum hadits (tradisionalis atau tektualis)", nan manakankan pado pangambilan hukum tabateh pado nan ado dalam naskah-naskah agamo.[19] Ibnu Khaldun mandefinisikan mazhab-mazhab fiqih Sunni dalam tigo kalompok: mazhab Hanafiyah nan mawakili kaum rasionalis, mazhab Zhahiriyah nan wakili tektualis, jo mazhab patangahan nan diwakili dek Syafi'iyah, Malikiyah, jo Hanabilah.[20][21]
Salamo abaik patangahan, Kasultanan Mamluk di Mesir disabuik-sabuik manarimo mazhab-mazhab Sunni nan hanyo dari Hanafiyah, Malikiyah, Syafi'iyah, jo Hanabilah, kacuali Zahiriyah.[22] Kasultanan Utsmaniyah managehan baliak status rasmi kaampek mazhab tadi sabagai reaksi ateh lawan politik jo ideologinyo nan Syiah, Karajaan Safavid Persia,[23] nan malalui mantan Pardano Mantari Sudan Al Sadiq al-Mahdi, pado Pasan Amman (Amman Message) nan dikaluakan dek Rajo Yordania Abdullah II, untuak mangakui mazhab Zhahiriyah sarato manjago mazhab Sunni tatok limo mazhab.[24][25]
Tiok mazhab fiqih mampunyoi caronyo surang dalam manafsiran aturan hukum Islam ko, sainggo ado saketek pabedaan antaro ciek mazhab jo mazhab nan lain. Saisuak pabedaan ko baujuang pado konflik antaro tiok mazhab.[26] Kini tiok mazhab saliang maaragoi pandapaik nan ado subagai metode hukum nan layak dipakai daripado mahukuminyo subagai bid'ah atau sasek. Tiok mazhab mampunyoi dalianyo surang, sainggo pandapaik nan babeda sacaro umum diaragoi.
<ref>
indak sah;
indak ado teks untuak ref banamo EMMENA2
Appointing the heir was done when the Prophet [P] returned from the (Departure Pilgrimage); he [p] gathered all the pilgrims in a place called (Ghadeer khum) addressing them with a lengthy speech through which he asked:(Do not I own thy souls more that thou do, they said: aye). Then he [p] took Imam Ali [p] by the shoulder, holding him in front of the people and said:(He whom I am his guardian, Ali be his guardian). Thus he [p] certified Imam Ali's [p] heavenly guardianship; so everybody who was present then paid tribute to him, including the second Caliph ( i. e Omar Ben Al-Khattab), who congratulated Ali [p] saying: (Blassed be thee O! Ali, thou became my guardian and the guardian of every Mo'men.)
The Shi'ah believe that the proclamation mentioned by the Qur'anic verse was fulfilled by the Prophet (s) when he appointed Imam 'Ali bin Abi Talib (a) as his successor on the day of Ghadir Khumm.
As you know, the Shi'a divided from the Sunni after the death of Prophet Muhammad. Hazrat Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, was in Shia belief, named by the Prophet to be the Legitimate Authority for the interpretation of the faith. For Shi'a today all over the world, he is regarded as the first imam.
Shiites believe that he chose Ali, his cousin and son-in-law
Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population
Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.
The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%.
Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite.
<ref>
indak sah;
indak ado teks untuak ref banamo chib