In major parte, interlingua pote esser considerate phonemic, assi que cata littera ha un sono. Il ha exceptiones, tal como de digraphos th, ph, rh. Interlingua preserva le etymologic radices de cata parola a facer su signification plus clar.
Le orthographia de interlingua, como su vocabulario, es establite per un consenso del linguas de controlo: anglese, francese, italiano, espaniol, e portugese, con germano e russo como controlos secundari. Solmente le regulas in commun esseva retenite, que duce a un orthographia simple. Le regulas orthographic de Interlingua es trovate in le Interlingua-English Dictionary (IED).
Iste documento contine listas complete de exceptiones a iste regulas. On pote trovar iste vocabulos con indication del pronunciation in le IED.
ch
Le digrapho ch generalmente on pronuncia /k/. Un parve numero de vocabulos ha le pronunciation /sh/ o /tsh/. Iste exceptiones es a basso. Le plus de illos es sequite per un littera in parentheses quadrate [ ], significante que illos es parolas preste. Del resto, le plus es prestes assimilate. Assi, on vide que ver exceptiones al sono /k/ es rar.
Abbreviationes
[A] = anglese
[F] = francese
[G] = germano
[H] = espaniol
[P] = portugese
[R] = russo
VOCABULO | PRONUNCIATION | SYNONYMOS |
---|---|---|
approchar | aproshar | avicinar, advenir, abordar, approximar se, acceder |
artichoc | artishok | (cynara) [L] |
attaché [F] | atashé | attaccate, allegate |
avalanche [F] | avalansh | (labina) [L] |
bolchevismo | bolshevismo | (bolshevism) [A] |
brecha[H] | bresha | apertura, trappa,intervallo,interstitio, vacantia |
broche [F] | broshe | crampa |
brochure [F] | broshur | opuscolo |
Cachmir [F] | kashmir | (kashmir) [A] |
cartucha [H] | kartusha | . |
cauchu [P] | kaushu | gumma, gumma elastica |
chacal [H] | shakal | (jackal) [A] |
chaco | shako | . |
chaise [F] | shaise | sede, sedia |
chal [H] | shal | (shawl) [A] |
chalet [F] | shalè | villetta |
chalupa [H] | shalupa | nave,imbarcation,barca,vascello,navetta |
Champagne [F] | shampain | vino spumante effervescente |
champignon [F] | shampinyon | fungo |
chaperon [F] | shaperon | cavallero,galante,cortese,custode,vigilante,cappucio,accompaniator |
chaperonar [F] | shaperonar | accompaniar,harmonisar,vigilar |
char à bancs[F | shar-a-bancs | carrossa, cochi |
charade [F] | sharade | enigma, logogripho, joco enigmatic |
charivari [F] | sharivari | serenada, strepito, clamor |
charlatan [F] | sharlatan | fraudator, impostor |
charme [F] | sharme | fascino, fascination, attraction |
charpa | sharpa | (focale) [L] |
chartreuse [F] | shartrose | Cartusia > cartesian, (chartreuse liquor) |
chassa | shassa | veneria |
chassis [F] | shassis | structura, telario |
chauffeur [F] | shofer | taxista, guidator, automobilista |
chauvinismo | shovinismo | localismo,spirito de campanil,campanilismo,nationalismo ,fanatismo |
chec | tshek | Tchec |
Checoslovachia | tshekoslovakia | Tchecoslovachia |
chef [F] | shef | conductor,director,coco,gerente,administrator, cocinero,patrono, principal |
chenille [F] | shenile | eruca, (tractor a eruca) |
cheque [A] | sheke | . |
chic [F] | shik | elegante, distincte |
chiffonier [F] | shiffoniè | armario,credentia |
Chile | tshile | . |
chimpanze [P] | shimpanzé | (cimpanze)[Rom], (scimpanzè)[I] |
China | shina | (Sina) [L] |
chinese | shinese | . |
choc [F] | shok | trauma, colpo, urto, scussa electric |
choccar | shokar | traumatisar, colpar, batter, percuter |
chocolate | shokolate | . |
cliché [F] | klishé | negativo, stereotypo |
cornichon [F] | kornishon | cucumbretta |
crochet [F] | kroshé | uncino, unco, hamo, croc, uncinetto |
cochi | koshi | carrossa, diligentia, (coach) [A] |
cochinilia | koshinilia | . |
tsarevich [R] | tsarevitsh | czarevitch |
depeche [F] | depeshe | message, telegramma, missiva |
dervich | dervish | (dervish) [A] |
ducha | dusha | . |
echelon [F] | eshelon | nivello, grado |
fetiche [F] | fetishe | (fetish) [A] |
fichu [F] | fishu | (subs. cravata), (adj. condemnate, perverse) |
flecha [H] | flesha | salice, sagitta |
galocha [H] | galosha | (galosh) [A] |
hacha [H] | hasha | (ascia) [L] |
hachich | hashish | (hashish) [A], (hasisum) [L] |
Indochina | indoshina | . |
kirschwasser[G] | kirshvasser | brandy de ceresia |
lancha [H] | lansha | nave, imbarcation, barca,vascello, navetta |
lunch [A] | lantsh | . |
lynchar <A> | lintshar | Lege de Lynch, facer justitia summari |
manchette [F] | manshette | . |
manchu | mantshu | habitante e lingua de Manchuria |
Manchukuo | mantshukuo | . |
Manchuria | mantshuria | . |
marcha [H] | marsha | . |
marchar [H] | marshar | camminar, ambular, promenar se, ir a pedes |
marechal [F] | mareshal | (marshal) [A] |
match [A] | matsh | partita |
menchevismo | menshevismo | (menshevism) [A] |
niche[F] | nishe | . |
nonchalance [F] | nonshalanse | indifferentia |
nonchalant [F] | nonshalan | indifferente |
percha | persha | . |
pluche [F] | plush | (plush) [A] |
poncho [H] | pontsho | . |
punch[A] | ponsh | biberage alcoholic |
putsch [G] | putsh | colpo de stato, usurpation del poter |
rancho [H] | rantsho | ferma, cabana, nutrimento militar |
reproche [F] | reproshe | blasmo, critica, reprehension, reprobation |
sandwich [A] | sandwitsh | . |
schooner [A] | shuna o shunr | (goleta)[H], bicario grande pro biber sherry |
speech [A] | spitsh | discurso |
schottisch [G] | skotish | . |
steeplechase[A] | stipeltsheis | cursa de obstaculos |
torcha [H] | torsha | (facula) [L] |
trenchar [F] | trenshar | taliar |
trencho [F] | trensho | talio |
trenchea [F] | trenshea | . |
yacht [A] | yot o yat | . |
ti
Le final -tia, -tia, o -tio generalmente on pronuncia /tsia/, /tsie/, /tsio/. Exceptiones occurre quando le final es precedite per s (o, rarmente, x) e quando le vocal sequente es accentuate. Ecce le lista de iste exceptiones:
VOCABULOS |
---|
admixtion, adustion, amnestia, amnestiar, angustia, angustiar, angustiose, antiaeree, antiasthmatic, antichristian, aristocratia, arithmomantia, autocratia, avocatiero, bastion, bestia, bestial, bestialitate, bibliomantia, bureaucratia, caffetiera, cartiera, cartomantia, catoptromantia, celestial, ceromantia, chiromantia, chocolatiera, christian, christiano, christianismo, christianitate, combustion, commixtion, congestion, congestionar, democratia, digestion, diplomatia, dynastia, elephantiasis, eucharistia, exhaustion, frontiera, fructiero, galimatias, galvanoplastia, garantia, garrettiera, geomantia, gerontocratia, gestion, guttiera, gynecocratia, hieromantia, idiotia, immixtion, immodestia, indigestion, ingestion, judeochristian, lectiera, leontiase, mestiero, mixtion, modestia, molestia, mosquitiera, necromantia, nomocratia, ochlocratia, oneiromantia, ornithomantia, osteoplastia, ostiero, ostio, penitentieria, petiolo, physiocratia, plutocratia, pornocratia, portiera, prelatia, presbytia, primatia, prophetia, quartiero, question, questionabile, questionar, questionario, questionator, rattiera, rhinoplastia, sacristia, salatiera, sputiera, suggestion, suggestionar, suprematia, technocratia, testiera, theocratia, theomantia, tintiera, tomatiero, tortiera, ustion, vestiario |
-age, -gia
Le littera g generalmente on pronuncia dur, como anglese "good". In le suffixos -age e -gia, g sona como /j/. Le sono /j/ occurre anque in un poco parolas simile, tal como vengiar, a basso. Ecce iste exceptiones:
VOCABULO | PRONUNCIATION |
---|---|
abbordage | abbordaje |
acierage | acieraje |
adjustage | adjustaje |
aerage | aeraje |
agiotage | ajotaje |
amarage | amaraje |
amperage | amperaje |
ancorage | ancoraje |
apprentissage | apprentissaje |
arbitrage | arbitraje |
arrangiamento | arranjamento |
arrangiar | arranjar |
atterrage | atterraje |
avantage | avantaje |
bagage | bagaje |
bandage | bandaje |
baronage | baronaje |
barrage | barraje |
biberage | biberaje |
bituminage | bituminaje |
bobinage | bobinaje |
boiage | boiaje |
boscage | boscaje |
boycottage | boycottaje |
brigantage | brigantaje |
bronzage | bronzaje |
budget [A] | badjet |
budgetar | badjetar |
calfatage | calfataje |
camouflage [F] | camuflaje |
cannage | cannaje |
canoage | canoaje |
capsulage | capsulaje |
carinage | carinaje |
carnage | carnaje |
cartonage | cartonaje |
chaperonage | shaperonaje |
commatrage | commatraje |
concubinage | concubinaje |
contraspionage | contraspionaje |
corage | coraje |
coragiose | corajose |
cordage | cordaje |
corsage [F] | corsaje |
creosotage | creosotaje |
cuneage | cuneaje |
curettage | curettaje |
cylindrage | cilindraje |
damascenage | damascenaje |
disavantage | disavantaje |
disavantagiose | disavantajose |
discassage | discassaje |
dismontage | dismontaje |
disrangiamento | disranjamento |
disrangiar | disranjar |
dosage | dosaje |
equipage | equipaje |
eremitage | eremitaje |
essamage | essamaje |
essayage | essayaje |
etage [F] | etaje |
focage | focaje |
foliage | foliaje |
forgiar | forjar |
forrage | forraje |
frangiar | franjar |
frangiate | franjate |
frangiatura | franjatura |
frangiero | franjero |
fuselage [F] | fuselaje |
gage [F] | gaje |
garage [F] | garaje |
garagista | garajista |
gingibre | jinjìbre |
ginseng | jìnséng |
girafa | jirafa |
grilliage | grilliaje |
harponage | harponaje |
herbage | herbaje |
hereditage | hereditaje |
homage | homaje |
hostage | hostaje |
immagazinage | immagazinaje |
impaleage | impaleaje |
incoragiamento | incorajamento |
incoragiar | incorajar |
ingagiamento | ingajamento |
ingagiar | ingajar |
ingagiator | ingajator |
ingranage | ingranaje |
inragiamento | inrajamento |
inragiar | inrajar |
jardinage | jardinaje |
lavage | lavaje |
legier | lejier |
legieressa | lejieressa |
libertinage | libertinaje |
lineage | lineaje |
linguage | linguaje |
lustrage | lustraje |
mangiabile | manjabile |
mangiar | manjar |
mangiator | manjator |
mangiatoria | manjatoria |
maritage | maritaje |
massage | massaje |
menage [F] | menaje |
menagerie [F] | menajer∞ |
mercerisage | mercerisaje |
message | messaje |
messageria | messajeria |
messagero | messajero |
mesticiage | mesticiaje |
metrage | metraje |
mirage | miraje |
misusage | misusaje |
monetage | monetaje |
montage | montaje |
multivage | multivaje |
nickelage | nickelaje |
noctivage | noctivaje |
oleage | oleaje |
orangeria | oranjeria |
orangiada | oranjada |
orangiero | oranjero |
ostage | ostaje |
paisage | paisaje |
paisagista | paisajista |
passage | passaje |
passager | passajer |
passagero | passajero |
patinage | patinaje |
patronage | patronaje |
pavage | pavaje |
pedage | pedaje |
pedagero | pedajero |
pelegrinage | pelegrinaje |
percentage | percentaje |
personage | personaje |
photomontage | fotomontaje |
piliage | piliaje |
pilotage | pilotaje |
plumage | plumaje |
punctage | punctaje |
pupillage | pupillaje |
rage | raje |
ragiar | rajar |
ragiose | rajose |
ramage | ramaje |
rangiar | ranjar |
rastrellage | rastrellaje |
reportage | reportaje |
rivetage | rivetaje |
sabotage | sabotaje |
sage | saje |
sagessa | sajessa |
salvage | salvaje |
salvageria | salvajeria |
scaliage | scaliaje |
semisalvage | semisalvaje |
sergente | serjente |
servage | servaje |
solfeggiar | solfejar |
sondage | sondaje |
spionage | spionaje |
stampage | stampaje |
stivage | stivaje |
sucrage | sucraje |
suffragette [A] | suffrajette |
tannage | tannaje |
tatuage | tatuaje |
telepherage | telepheraje |
terrage | terraje |
tirage | tiraje |
tonnage | tonnaje |
tressage | tressaje |
tricotage | tricotaje |
ultrage | ultraje |
ultragiose | ultrajose |
usage | usaje |
vagabundage | vagabundaje |
vassallage | vassallaje |
vengiabile | venjabile |
vengiantia | venjantia |
vengiar | venjar |
vengiative | venjative |
vengiator | venjator |
viage | viaje |
viagiar | viajar |
viagiator | viajator |
viduage | viduaje |
village | villaje |
villanage | villanaje |
visage | visaje |
voltage | voltaje |
wattage | uattaje |
zincage | zincaje |
Nota. Le termination -age on non pronuncia -aje in tres casos:
gue, gui
Generalmente le littera u es pronunciate in le sequentias gue e gui. Ecce le exceptiones:
VOCABULO | PRONUNCIATION |
---|---|
inguirlandar | inghirlandar |
guillotina | ghiliotina |
guillotinada | ghiliotinada |
guillotinamento | ghiliotinamento |
guillotinar | ghiliotinar |
guirlanda | ghirlanda |
guirlandar | ghirlandar |
guitarra/gitarra | ghitarra |
guitarrista/gitarrista | ghitarrista |
que, qui
Generalmente le littera u es pronunciate in le sequentias qua, que, qui e quo; que, qui pote esser anque mute como in le sequente parolas. Nota que multe de illos es parolas preste:
VOCABULO | PRONUNCIATION |
---|---|
Dunkerque [F] | Dunkerke |
Marquesas [H] | Markesas |
Susquehanna | Suskehanna |
alique | alike |
arlequin | arlekin |
arlequinada | arlekinada |
atque | atke |
bouquet [F] | boukè |
briquette [F] | brikette |
cheque [A] | sheke |
claque [F] | clake |
clique [F] | clike |
coquetta | coketta |
coquettar | cokettar |
coquette | cokette |
coquetteria | coketteria |
croquet [A] | croket |
croquetar | croketar |
croquette [F] | crokette |
esque | eske |
etiquetta | etiketta |
etiquettar | etikettar |
itaque | itake |
kiosque [F] | kioske |
mannequin [F] | mannekin |
marquis [F] | markis |
marquise [F] | markise |
mosquitiera | moskitiera |
mosquito [H] | moskito |
parquet [F] | parkè |
perque | perkè |
porque | porkè |
proque | prokè |
qualque | qualke |
que | ke |
quem | kem |
qui | ki |
tourniquet [F] | tourniké |
w
Le littera w es pronunciate como un v si le vocabulo es de provenientia germanic o como un u breve si illo proveni ex anglese:
VOCABULO | PRONUNCIATION |
---|---|
W.C. [A] | dabliù-Si |
wadi | uadi |
wafla | uafla |
wagon | uegon |
waldense | valdense |
Waldo, Peter | Valdo, Peter |
walzer [G] | valtser |
water-closet [A] | uota-closet o uatr-clazet |
water-polo [A] | uota-polo o uatr-polo |
watt | uot |
watt-hora | uot-hora |
watta | uota |
wattage | uotaje |
wattar | uotar |
wattimetro | uotimetro |
week-end [A] | uik-end |
west | uest |
westfalic | vestfalic |
Westfalia | Vestfalia |
whig [A] | uig o huig (archaic) |
whisky [A] | uiski o huiski (archaic) |
whist [A] | uist o huist (archic) |
Wilno [PL] | Vilno |
wigwam [A] | uiguam |
wolfram [G] | volfram |
wolframite | volframite |
wombat | uombat |
Worms [G] | Vorms |
b:ia:Pronunciation de Interlingua
|