Presidential elections were held in Bahia on 10 and 24 April 2024. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held, in which Ulysses Huang defeated Fernanda Gonzaga and was elected as President of Bahia. Huang became the first president from the Christian People's Party to win a presidential bid since Kristina Cruz won in 1992.
In the first round, Gonzaga took the lead with 27.9% of votes, followed by Huang with 23.2%, Jozé Ajimobi of the Liberal Democratic Party with 22%, and Fatima Ferreira of the Republican Pact with 7.1%. Muhammad Faruq of the Muslim Brotherhood took 4.8% of the vote, and , Daniel Reys governor of Conquista and Communist Party candidate, 1.8%. The Liberal Democrats, considered to be the dominant party on the right-wing until 2020, received its worst result in a presidential election.
In the second round, Huang beat Gonzaga with 52.4% of the vote to her 47.6%, a narrower margin than in the 2020 election. Ulysses Huang took office 2 July 2024 as the 31st President of the Republic of Bahia.
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
People's Republic of Bahia República Popular da Bahia (Portuguese) جمهورية باهيا الشعبية (Arabic) Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Ará ilẹ̀ Bahia (Yoruba) 巴伊亞人民共和國 (Chinese) Republika Populah di Baiya (Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins) | |
---|---|
Motto: Igualdade e Progresso "Equality and Progress" | |
Anthem: Hino da Bahia | |
Capital | Cachoeira |
Largest city | Salvador |
Official languages | Portuguese |
Spoken languages | List:
|
Ethnic groups (2020) |
|
Religion (2020) |
|
Demonym(s) | Baiyanese |
Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
• President | Ulysses Lee Rosário Huang |
• Premier | Muhammad Filipi d'Ávila |
Legislature | National Assembly |
Independence from Portugal | |
• Declared | 2 July 1855 |
• Recognized | 10 September 1871 |
• Current Borders | 6 January 1897 |
• September Revolution | 25 September 1937 |
• Current Constitution | 29 March 1967 |
Area | |
• Total | 564,733 km2 (218,045 sq mi) (49th) |
Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 18,653,874 (66th) |
• Density | 33/km2 (85.5/sq mi) (187th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $78 billion |
• Per capita | $4,850 |
HDI (2021) | 0.691 medium (120th) |
Currency | Búziu (B$) |
Time zone | UTC-03:00 (BRT) |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | 671 |
ISO 3166 code | RB |
Internet TLD | .rb |
Bahia, officially the People's Republic of Bahia, is a country in the western coast of South America that covers 564,733 square kilometres (218,045 sq mi) with an estimated population of 18,653,874. It borders Brazil to its West and South, New Holland to its North and the Atlantic Ocean to the East.
The Portuguese Pedro Álvares Cabral sighted Monte Pascoal ("Easter Mountain") near Itamaraju and landed at what is now Porto Seguro on the southern coast of Bahia in 1500, claiming the territory for Portugal. In 1549, Portugal established the city of Salvador on a hill facing the Bay of All Saints. The city and surrounding captaincy served as an administrative capital of Portugal's colonies in the Americas until 1763.
Bahia's captaincy was the first to fail, with its lands reverting to the Portuguese crown in 1549. While Portugal was united with Spain, the Dutch West India companies tried to conquer Bahia but was unsuccessful in the area, with Dutch Brazil restricted to the area from Pernambuco Northward.
Bahia was a center of sugarcane cultivation from the 16th to the 18th centuries and contains a number of historic towns, such as Cachoeira, dating from this era. Integral to the sugar economy was the importation of a vast number of African slaves: more than a third of all slaves taken from Africa were sent to Brazil, mostly to be processed in Bahia before being sent to work in plantations elsewhere in the colony.
The state was the only area of the colony to join the Empire of Brazil, as members of the local elite remained loyal to the Portuguese crown after the rest of the country proclaimed independence under Pedro I on 1822. Independence was later achieved in 1855 after a number of slave revolts and calls for further commercial autonomy by the elites.
In the years after independence the country received massive immigration waves from British Nigeria, China and the Middle East.
Upon independence, the country resisted annexation by Brazil, eventually Bahia managed to conquer the territory of the modern Captaincies of Barreiras and São Franscisco. The current president is Ulysses Huang who was elected on 24 April 2024.
Miguel Ibrahim | |
---|---|
30th President of Bahia | |
In office 2 July 2016 – 2 July 2024 | |
Preceded by | Alvir Pataxó |
Succeeded by | Ulysses Huang |
54th Chairperson of the National Assembly | |
In office 2 August 2014 – 2 July 2016 | |
Preceded by | Victor Heinz |
Succeeded by | Malik Gomes |
5th President of the Democratic Alliance | |
In office 18 April 2013 – 18 April 2017 | |
Preceded by | Danilo Ferreira |
Succeeded by | Paula da Costa |
1st Spokesperson for the Democratic Alliance | |
In office 18 April 1999 – 18 April 2000 | |
Preceded by | Office Stablished |
Succeeded by | Wagner Moreira |
34th Captain of Recôncavo | |
In office 2 July 2000 – 2 July 2008 | |
Preceded by | Hugo Abrantes |
Succeeded by | Carlos Hussein |
National Representative for Recôncavo | |
In office 2 August 2008 – 2 July 2016 | |
70th Mayor of Santo Amaro | |
In office 2 July 1984 – 2 July 1992 | |
Preceded by | Ian Alves |
Succeeded by | Malika Abbas |
City Councilor of Santo Amaro | |
In office 2 July 1980 – 2 July 1984 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Miguel Jaffar Pascual Ibrahim 18 December 1960 Caatiba, Conquista Captaincy, Bahia |
Political party | Socialist League |
Other political affiliations | Democratic Alliance |
Spouses | Malika Abbas
(m. 1998; div. 2008)Graça Silva (m. 2015) |
Children | Abdullah Sabino Farias Ibrahim |
Parents |
|
Alma mater |
|
Occupation |
|
Signature | |
Nickname | Mibaim |
National Assembly Assembleia Nacional | |
---|---|
50th National People's Assembly | |
Type | |
Type | |
Term limits | none, maximum of 3 consecutive terms |
History | |
Founded | 5 July 1855 |
New session started | 2 August 2024 |
Leadership | |
President | Dong Mei-Hua, PLD since 2 August 2024 |
Government Leader | Maragão Almeida, PPC since 7 July 2024 |
Opposition Leader | Jozé de Paduá, LS since 24 September 2024 |
Structure | |
Seats | 631 |
Political groups | Government (280)
PLD (104)
CRUZ (29)
LIBER (12)
Opposition (235) IM (57)
REV (32)
PV (1)
Independents (116) PR (73)
PSD (40)
Solidarity (3) |
Length of term | 4 years |
Salary | B$ 40,000 monthly |
Elections | |
Open list proportional representation (D'Hondt method) with a 2% election threshold | |
Last election | 2 October 2022 |
Next election | 4 October 2026 |
Meeting place | |
People's Palace Cachoeira, Capital District, Bahia | |
Website | |
www |
The National Assembly (Portuguese: Assmbleia Nacional) is the National legislative body of the Republic of Bahia. The assembly comprises 631 people's representatives, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current President of the Assembly is Representative Dong Mei-Hua (PLD-CQ), who was elected on 2 August 2024.
Hawi Republic Hawi'kan Mapō'yōram | |
---|---|
Flag | |
Capital and largest city | Pwa'kaneyu |
Official language | Hawi |
Ethnic groups |
|
Religion |
|
Demonym(s) | Hawi |
Government | Unitary council-republic |
• Pwanui Šifē | Sayu Makwa Salēnan |
• Šifētsma |
|
Legislature | Matehayu |
Formation | |
• Settlement | 5th millennium BCE |
• Unification by Queen Hawi | 2nd century BCE |
• Southern Revolt | 190-180 BCE |
• Reunification | 105 BCE |
• Sa'twa Regency | 110-160 |
• Kezh Restoration | 160 |
• Seven Crowns Period | 513-1306 |
• Royal Wars | 1306-1580 |
• Gizha Dynasty established | 1 December 1581 |
• First contact with Europeans | 30 July 1793 |
• Sula-Bertrand Pact | 12 May 1821 |
• Republic established | 5 January 1859 |
• French Occupation | 16 April 1931 |
• Independence | 16 April 1946 |
• Current constitution | 3 August 1955 |
Area | |
• Total | 103,127 km2 (39,818 sq mi) (105th) |
• Water (%) | 2.07 |
Population | |
• Estimate | 376,307 |
• Census | 375,876 |
• Density | 3.66/km2 (9.5/sq mi) |
GDP (PPP) | estimate |
• Total | $89.078 billion |
• Per capita | $236,716 |
GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | $78.570 billion |
• Per capita | $208,792 |
Gini | 23.2 low |
HDI | 0.959 very high |
Currency | Kuzhara (K$) (KUZ) |
Time zone | UTCUTC with no offset (GMT) |
Date format | dd.mm.yyyy |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +544 |
Internet TLD | .ha |
The Hawi Republic (Hawi: Hawi'kan Mapō'yōram) is an insular nation on the Antarctic ocean, being the only nation-state in the continent. It consists of the main island of Kwani, the smaller island of lagwani as well as smaller uninhabited rocks and islets.
The government of Hawia is based on traditional means of governance indigenous to the island, that greatly resemble a directorial republic.
The islands that currently make up the Hawi Republic were first settled around the 5th century BCE by people from southern South America. Since at least the 3rd century BCE the island's population has been in complete isolation from the rest of the world until the arrival of a French fleet lead by François Gaulle.
The country receives its name from the from an old Hawi idiom, "Hawikatsakwatani" which is generaly thought to mean "a place of abundance and peace where all meet".
Office | Name | Party | In office since | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Premier | Mohammad Filipi d'Ávila | Christian People's Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Agriculture | Pedro Wang | Agrarian Forum | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Communications | Henrique Ferreira | Conservative Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Culture and Tourism | Maria Carvalho | Liberal Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Defense | Jamal Ahmed | Liberal Democratic Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Economy and Development | Roberto Deng | Christian People's Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Education | Mario Juarez | National Crusade | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Environment and Climate Change | Fernanda Lorenzu | Agrarian Forum | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Finance | Camilo Sabino | Libertarian Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Foreign Affairs | Danilo Schneider | Liberal Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Health | Luiz Nunes | Liberal Democratic Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Human Rights | Amanda de Oliveira | Liberal Democratic Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Justice | Abbas Faruq | Liberal Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Labor and Pensions | Juliu Marianno | Conservative Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Mines and Energy | Samuel Schneider | Liberal Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of National Integration | Guilherme Li | Agrarian Forum | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Planning and Public Services | Marcia Yang | Liberal Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Public Security | Filipi Xi | Christian People's Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Religious Affairs | Ana Ngozi Neves | Christian People's Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Science and Innovation | Paulo da Silva | Christian People's Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Social Development | Nando Henriques | Conservative Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Transport | Antonio Fonseca | Liberal Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Urban Development | Daniel Alves | Christian People's Party | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Water | Manuel Lima | Conservative Party | 2 July 2024 |
31st People's Cabinet | |
---|---|
Cabinet of Bahia | |
2024–present | |
Date formed | 2 July 2024 |
People and organisations | |
President | Ulysses Lee Rosário Huang |
Premier | Muhammad Filipi d'Ávila |
No. of ministers | 24 |
Member parties |
National Crusade
Confidence and supply: Republican Pact |
Status in legislature | Coalition 280 / 631 (44%) |
Opposition parties |
People's Revolutionary Forum
|
Opposition leaders |
|
History | |
Election(s) | 2024 Baiyanese General Election |
Legislature term(s) | 31st Legislature of the National People's Assembly |
Predecessor | 30th People's Cabinet |
National Union União Nacional 全國聯盟 Orilẹ-ede Union الاتحاد الوطني Uniãu Nasional | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | UNI |
Leader | Ulysses Huang |
President | Muhammad Filipi d'Ávila |
1st Vice President | Danilo Schneider |
2nd Vice President | Jaque Fatwa |
3rd Vice President | Jilmar Correia |
Founded | 18 April 2016 |
Registered | 24 May 2016 |
Membership (2024) | 1,402,060 affiliates |
Ideology | Christian democracy Conservatism Neo-liberalism Agribusiness interests Nationalism |
Political position | Centre-right to Right-wing |
Party members |
|
National Assembly | 280 / 631 |
Party flag | |
Democratic Alliance Aliança Democrática 民主聯盟 التحالف الديمقراطي Aliansa Demokratika | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | AD |
Leader | Miguel Ibrahim |
President | Fernanda Gonzaga |
1st Vice President | Ahmad da Fonseca |
2nd Vice President | Hugo Gustavu |
Founded | 18 April 1999 |
Registered | 24 May 1999 |
Membership (2022) | 2,402,060 affiliates |
Ideology | Social democracy Progressivism Left-wing populism Democratic socialism Labourism |
Political position | Centre-left to left-wing |
Party members | |
National Assembly | 145 / 631 |
Party flag | |
Liberal Democratic Party Partido Liberal Democrático 自民黨 الحزب الديمقراطي الليبرالي Partidu Liberau Demokrata | |
---|---|
Leader | Maria Ling |
Founders | Leo Palmares Victor Heinz |
Founded | 4 June 1963 |
Membership (2020) | 1,644,328 |
Ideology | |
Political position | Centre-right |
Continental affiliation | Union of Latin American Parties |
International affiliation | International Democrat Union |
Colours |
|
Anthem | "Together, Forward" |
National Assembly | 104 / 631 |
Captains | 5 / 21 |
Captaincy Councills | 530 / 2,121 |
Mayors | 111 / 417 |
City Councillors | 972 / 5,568 |
Party flag | |
Islamic Brotherhood Irmandade Muçulmana جماعة الاخوان المسلمين Irmandadi dus Malês | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | IM |
President | Muhammad Faruq |
Founded | January 1933 |
Legalised | 17 September 1986 |
Headquarters | Cachoeira |
Membership | 361,471 |
Ideology | Islamic democracy Democratic socialism Muslims' interests Social justice |
Political position | Centre-left |
International affiliation | Muslim Brotherhood |
Colors | Green |
Captains | 0 / 21 |
National Assembly | 57 / 631 |
Captaincy Councils | 201 / 2,121 |
Mayors | 19 / 417 |
City councillors | 855 / 5,568 |
Party flag | |
People's Revolutionary Forum Forum Revolucionário Popular 人民革命論壇 Forum ti Awọn Eniyan Lyika المنتدى الثوري الشعبي Forum Revolussionariu Populah | |
---|---|
President | Julia Guerra |
General Secretary | Ibrahim Onodja |
Vice President | Daniel Reys |
Founded | 2 July 2003 |
Registered | 26 August 2003 |
Membership (2020) | 59,441 affiliates |
Ideology | Communism Marxism-Leninism Anti-imperialism Anti-racism Eco-socialism |
Political position | Far-left |
Party members |
|
National Assembly | 32 / 631 |
Captains | 2 / 21 |
Green Party Partido Verde 綠黨 alawọ ewe party حفلة خضراء Partidu Verdi | |
---|---|
Presidium | Executive Committee |
Co-chairs | Vitoria Zhao Jonas Patxohã |
Founders | Jamal Nunes Hernesto Sotarelli |
Founded | 2 September 1989 |
Youth wing | Green Youth |
Ideology | |
Political position | Centre-left |
International affiliation | Global greens |
Colours | green |
National Assembly | 1 / 631
|
Captains | 1 / 21
|
Captaincy Councills | 38 / 2,121
|
Office | Name | Party | In office | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | ||||
30th People's Government | |||||
Premier | Mateus Rosa | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Paulo Custódio | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2020 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Deputy Prime Minister | Augustu Assad | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Finance | |||||
Deputy Prime Minister | Ana Maria Zhong | Communist Party-REV | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Foreign Affairs | |||||
Minister of Defense | Ibrahim Ahmad | Communist Party-REV | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Education | Sabrina Antunnes | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2016 | 27 February 2019 | |
Zhao Hongmin | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2019 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Culture and Memory | Mario Aderemi | AFRO-REV | 2 July 2016 | 24 June 2021 | |
Helena Gusmão | Socialist Party-AD | 24 October 2021 | 30 April 2022 | ||
Carlos Akande | AFRO-REV | 30 April 2022 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Communications and Digital Policy | Amanda Yao | Labour Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Lara Lagos | Democratic Party-AD | 2 July 2020 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Economy and Development | Bernardo Farias | Social Democratic Party | 2 July 2016 | 25 June 2020 | |
Lucia Marques | Democratic Party-AD | 25 June 2020 | 7 March 2021 | ||
Mateus Rosa | Socialist League-AD | 7 March 2021 | 2 May 2021 | ||
Amadeus Guimarães | Socialist Party-AD | 2 May 2021 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Agriculture | Carlos Fagundes | Green Party | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Sabina Cruz | Labour Party-AD | 2 July 2020 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Labour | Fatima Hussein | Workers' Liberation Party-REV | 2 July 2016 | 5 January 2021 | |
Luiz Souza | Workers' Liberation Party-REV | 5 January 2021 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Transport | Rogeriu Adekoya | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Amanda Yao | Labour Party-AD | 2 July 2020 | 12 September 2022 | ||
Pedro Costa | Socialist League-AD | 12 September 2022 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Land Reform and Family Farming | Dandara Bandele | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Health | Farha Abbas | Muslim Brotherhood | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Fernando Mineiro | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2020 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Planning and Public Services | Antonio Oliveira | Social Democratic Party | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Marcelo Lin | Social Democratic Party | 2 July 2020 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Environment and Climate Change | Hannah Rocha | Green Party | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Fernão Dutra | Green Party | 2 July 2020 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Indigenous Peoples | Pietra Pankaru | Communist Party-REV | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Alvir Pataxó | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2020 | 13 August 2020 | ||
Paulo Tuxá | Green Party | 13 August 2020 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Justice | Luiza Ferreira | Socialist Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Pietra Pankaru | Communist Party-REV | 2 July 2020 | 30 November 2021 | ||
Mateus Rosa | Socialist Party-AD | 20 November 2021 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Cities and Housing | Monica Maxadu | Solidarity | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2019 | |
Flavia Gonçalves | Green Party | 2 July 2019 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Religious Affairs | Ibrahim Jahid | Muslim Brotherhood | 2 July 2016 | 3 Octuber 2017 | |
Ahmad Nunes | Socialist League-AD | 3 Octuber 2017 | 12 November 2021 | ||
Duarte Garcia | Muslim Brotherhood | 12 November 2021 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Human Rights | Thiago das Flores | Labour Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Energy and Water | Daniel Rivera | Communist Party-REV | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Pensions and Welfare | Hugo Pontes | Labour Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Welfare | Soraya Castro | Democratic Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Racial Equality and Reparations | Nzinga Amado | AFRO-REV | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Carlos Akande | AFRO-REV | 2 July 2020 | 4 December 2020 | ||
Mario de Oliveira | Communist Party-REV | 4 December 2020 | 17 March 2022 | ||
Nzinga Amado | AFRO-REV | 17 March 2022 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Sports | Vicente Lima | Labour Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2020 | |
Juliana Morenu | Socialist League-AD | 2 July 2020 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Tourism | Andre de Noronha | Democratic Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 | |
Minister of Women | Rafaela Cruz | Labour Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 23 May 2023 | |
Luiza Ferreira | Socialist Party-AD | 23 May 2023 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Minister of Science and Innovation | Rodrigu Gusmão | Labour Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 16 August 2020 | |
Carlos Fagundes | Green Party | 16 August 2020 | 2 July 2024 | ||
Special Secretary for Small Business and Enterprise | Jorge Luz | Democratic Party-AD | 2 July 2016 | 2 July 2024 |
Fatima Hussein left office due to her appointment to the National Court of Labour.
Farha Abbas renounced to assume a position in the WHO.
Ibrahim Jahid was expelled for his sexist comments.
Ahmad Nunes died in a car accident.
Hannah Rocha renounced tp assume her seat in the National Assembly, representing Santana.
30th People's Cabinet | |
---|---|
Cabinet of Bahia | |
2016-2024 | |
Date formed | 2 July 2016 |
People and organisations | |
President | Miguel Ibrahim |
Premier |
|
No. of ministers | 29 |
Member parties | |
Status in legislature | Coalition 331 / 631 (52%) |
Opposition parties |
CRUZ
LIBER
|
Opposition leaders |
|
History | |
Election(s) |
|
Legislature term(s) | 30th Legislature of the National Assembly |
Predecessor | 29th People's Government |
Successor | 31st People's Government |
|}