World records in athletics are ratified by the International Association of Athletics Federations. Athletics records comprise the best performances in the sports of track and field, road running and racewalking.
Records are kept for all events contested at the Olympic Games and some others. Unofficial records for some other events are kept by track and field statisticians. The only non-metric track distance for which official records are kept is the mile run.
Criteria
The criteria which must be satisfied for ratification also apply to national or other restricted records and also to performances submitted as qualifying marks for eligibility to compete in major events such as the Olympic Games.
The criteria include:
- The dimensions of the track and equipment used must conform to standards. In road events, the course must be accurately measured, by a certified measurer.
- Except in road events (road running and race walking), the performance must be set in a single-sex race.[1]
- All team members in a relay race must be of the same nationality.
- Pacemakers are allowed, provided they have not been lapped; lapped athletes must give way.
- Drug testing immediately after the performance is now required for ratification of a record. Existing records which predate this requirement are still extant. Athletes who pass the immediate test but are later found to have been on drugs have their performances invalidated.
- In running events up to 200 m in distance and in horizontal jump events, wind assistance is permitted only up to 2.0 m/s. In decathlon or heptathlon, average wind assistance of less than 2.0 m/s is required across all applicable disciplines; and maximum of 4.0 m/s in any one event.
- In running events up to 800 m in distance, photo finish fully automatic timing is required.
- There is no restriction on altitude; since the thinner atmosphere of higher altitude provides less air resistance, locations such as Mexico City and Sestriere have previously been the sites of records in the sprint and jump events. See effects of high altitude on humans. Records set at high altitude venues are often marked with an "A" though that does not disqualify it as a record. Under those circumstances, a "sea level" best is also tracked by statisticians. Long-distance races run at altitude, with less oxygen available to the athlete, have shown to be to the athlete's disadvantage.
- In road events, the course is not required to be a circuit, but the overall decrease in elevation between the start and finish shall not exceed 1:1000, i.e. 1 m/km.
- In road events, the start and finish points of a course, measured along a theoretical straight line between them, shall not be further apart than 50% of the race distance.
Bonus payments
Witnessing a world record brings great pleasure for athletics fans; athletes' personal sponsors and the promoters of major meetings such as the IAAF Diamond League and its predecessor, the IAAF Golden League have offered bonuses to athletes breaking a record.
Some middle-distance runners have specialized in acting as pacemakers in longer races, receiving a fee without even finishing the race, and possibly a bonus if a record results. This is a useful occupation for athletes who are capable of running accurately to a specified pace, but not capable of the very fastest times to become champions in their own right.
In the pole vault record bonuses create an incentive for an athlete capable of smashing a record to instead break it by the minimum amount (one centimetre), multiple times, at multiple meetings, in order to accumulate multiple bonuses. This has been done by Sergey Bubka in the men's pole vault, and Yelena Isinbayeva in the women's pole vault.[2] Some commentators have complained that neither athlete ever posted as high a mark as they were capable of. In other disciplines this issue does not arise, since it is practically impossible to deliberately break a record by a small margin, except in the high jump.
World records
The IAAF commenced the recognition of world records in 1912, and indoor world records after 1987. In 2000, IAAF rule 260.18a (formerly 260.6a) was amended, so that "world records" (as opposed to "indoor world records") can be set in a facility "with or without roof." This rule was not applied retroactively,[3] and has, thus far, only affected the men's and women's pole vault. The women's record has been advanced 9 times indoors by three different women, each ratified as a world record. The last record to be set indoors was in 2004. Sergey Bubka's 1993 pole vault world indoor record of 6.15 m was not considered to be a world record, because it was set before the new rule came into effect. In February 2014, Bubka's record was surpassed indoors by Renaud Lavillenie jumping 6.16 m which qualifies as both the Indoor world record and the world record.
Key to tables
Awaiting ratification will not be ratified by IAAF
h = hand timing
+ = en route to a longer distance
A = affected by altitude
OT = oversized track
X = annulled due to doping violations
# = not officially ratified by IAAF
a = aided road course according to IAAF rule 260.28
est = estimate
i = set indoors (overall world record tables only)
Men
Women
Indoor world records
Men
Women
Best performances in non-IAAF World Record events
Events which do not qualify for IAAF-ratified world records are typically referred to as world bests. While very common in the first half of 20th century, a large number of races over distances by imperial measurements became rare occurrences and the IAAF removed all imperial measured events from its world record lists in 1976 – with the sole exception being the mile run (which remains common due to its historical prominence in track and field).
Some road racing distances and indoor variations of outdoor events fall outside of IAAF's lists. Records set in uncommon events usually do not adhere to the strict criteria found in IAAF-ratifiable events. One example is the 150 metres record, which was set by Usain Bolt on a specially-made straight track, while previous performances (such as the Bailey–Johnson 150-metre race) were completed on a traditional circuit which included a partial bend in the track.
The 40-yard dash – a standard acceleration evaluation for American Football players – does not fall within the usual criteria of athletics racing events. In most 40-yard dashes, reaction times are not recorded as timing starts only once the player is in motion, and the standards for timing a "football 40" are so lax and inconsistent that a real world record cannot be claimed. Performances are hand-timed and calculated to 1/100th of a second, although studies show human beings simply cannot react consistently or accurately enough for this to be a valid method; even those using light beams are timed by the motion of the athlete, still removing the normal factor of reaction time. Football 40-yard dashes are usually run on a turf surface, as opposed to an all weather track. All these factors make track and "football 40" performances incomparable. The world best time for a "football 40" is 4.17 by Deion Sanders. The extrapolated best for an Olympic level athlete, including reacting to a starting gun, currently is by Maurice Greene at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics with a time of 4.24.[74]
Outdoor events
Men
Women
Indoor events
Men
Women
Notes
Javelin specifications
The men's javelin specification was changed with effect from 1986, and the women's from 2000. The purpose was to reduce the number of illegal flat landings, but a side-effect was to reduce the distance travelled. The prior world records in individual men's and women's javelin were invalidated, but the prior records in decathlon and heptathlon were not.[171]
The old specification records for men's and women's javelin were as follows:
| Event | Record | Athlete | Nat. | Date | Meeting | Location | Ctry. | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's | 104.80 m
|
Uwe Hohn |  GDR
|
20 Jul 1984
|
East Berlin | GDR
|
||
| Women's | 80.00 m
|
Petra Felke | GDR
|
9 Sep 1988
|
Potsdam | GDR
|
The current decathlon world record was set with the current javelin specification. The best performance in heptathlon using the new specification javelin is:
| Performance | Athlete | Nat. | Date | Meeting | Location | Ctry. | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7032
|
Carolina Klüft |  SWE
|
26 Aug 2007
|
World Championships | Osaka |  JPN
|
[172] |
| 13.15 (+0.1 m/s) (100 m hurdles), 1.95 m (high jump), 14.81 m (shot put), 23.38 (+0.3 m/s) (200 m) / 6.85 m (+1.0 m/s) (long jump), 47.98 m[an] (javelin), 2:12.56 (800 m) | |||||||
Other Notes
- ^ a b c d Up until 2004, the fastest time in the marathon was officially known as "world's best time" rather than "world record time", owing to the non-uniform nature of marathon courses. This older terminology is still sometimes encountered.
- ^ a b c See javelin specifications below.
- ^ 100m: 10.23 (−0.4m/s), LJ: 7.88m (0.0m/s), SP: 14.52m, HJ: 2.01m, 400m: 45.00, 110mH: 13.69 (−0.2m/s), DT: 43.34m, PV: 5.20m, JT: 63.63m, 1500m: 4:17.52
- ^ Actually 1:17:25.5 but ratified as 1:17:25.6.
- ^ The IAAF announced on 12 August 2008 that they had rescinded the world record of 2:54.20 set by the United States at Uniondale on 22 July 1998 after relay team member Antonio Pettigrew admitted to his use of human growth hormone and EPO between 1997 and 2003.[30]
- ^ Leg 1 (1200m) Kyle Merber 2:53.56
Leg 2 (400m) Brycen Spratling 45.95
Leg 3 (800 m) Brandon Johnson 1:44.75
Leg 4 (1600 m) Ben Blankenship 3:51.24 - ^ Leg 1 (5km) Josephat Ndambiri 13:24
Leg 2 (10km) Martin Mathathi 27:12
Leg 3 (5km) Daniel Muchunu Mwangi 13:59
Leg 4 (10km) Mekubo Mogusu 27:56
Leg 5 (5km) Onesmus Nyerre 14:36
Leg 6 (7.195km) John Kariuki 19:59 - ^ It is widely believed that the anemometer was faulty for the race in which Florence Griffith Joyner set the official world record for the women's 100 m of 10.49 s.[33] A 1995 report commissioned by the IAAF estimated the true wind speed was between +5.0 m/s and +7.0 m/s, rather than the 0.0 recorded.[33] If this time, recorded in the quarter-final of the 1988 U.S. Olympic trials, were excluded, the world record would be 10.61 s, recorded the next day at the same venue by the same athlete in the final.[33]
[34] - ^ a b Both marks recognized as official world record until mixed mark is surpassed.
- ^ 100mH: 12.69 (+0.5m/s), HJ: 1.86m, SP: 15.80m, 200m: 22.56 (+1.6m/s), LJ: 7.27m(+0.7m/s), JT: 45.66m, 800m: 2:08.51
- ^ 100m: 12.49, LJ: 6.12m, SP: 16.42m, HJ: 1.78m, 400m: 57.19, 100mH: 14.22, DT: 46.19m, PV: 3.10m, JT: 48.78m, 1500m: 5:15.86
- ^ Leg 1 (1200m) Treniere Moser 3:18.38
Leg 2 (400m) Sanya Richards-Ross 50.12
Leg 3 (800m) Ajee' Wilson 2:00.08
Leg 4 (1600m) Shannon Rowbury 4:27.92 - ^ Leg1 (5km) Jiang Bo 15:42
Leg 2 (10km) Dong Yanmei 31:36
Leg 3 (5km) Zhao Fengdi 15:16
Leg 4 (10km) Ma Zaijie 31:01
Leg 5 (5km) Lan Lixin 15:50
Leg 6 (7.195km) Li Na 22:16 - ^ a b This time was rescinded after Johnson admitted using steroids between 1981 and 1988.
- ^ Insufficient or no doping control.
- ^ 2nd and 4th jumps in series.
- ^ 60m: 6.79, LJ: 8.16m, SP: 14.56m, HJ: 2.03m, JT: 45.66m, 60mH: 7.68, PV: 5.20m, 100m: 2:32.77
- ^ Insufficient doping control; IAAF rejected the time of 3:01.96 as no post-race EPO analysis was performed.
- ^ US All Stars team:
Leg 1 Richard Jones 1:51.01
Leg 2 David Torrence 1:47.46
Leg 3 Duane Solomon 1:47.99
Leg 4 Erik Sowinski 1:46.67 - ^ Athlete failed a doping test.
- ^ 60mH: 8.38, HJ: 1.84m, SP: 16.51m, LJ: 6.57m, 800m: 2:11.15
- ^ No international judges.
- ^ Team Moscow
- ^ Calculated.
- ^ Road race.
- ^ The Association of Road Racing Statisticians regard Gebrselassie's time to be 44:23 based on initially reported stopped times of 44:22.8, 44:23.0 and 44:23.1. The race organisers do not confirm these times and officially regard the time to be 44:24
- ^ actual race distance was 220 yards
- ^ Team University of Southern California
- ^ Team Puma Reggae
Leg 1 (100m) Christopher Williams
Leg 2 (200m) Usain Bolt
Leg 3 (300m) Davian Clarke
Leg 4: (400m) Jermaine Gonzales - ^ Team USA Blue
- ^ Team BoogieFast TC:
Leg 1 Nia Ali 12.73
Leg 2 Kristi Castlin 12.56
Leg 3 Yvette Lewis 12.76
Leg 4 Queen Harrison 12.61 - ^ Leg 1 (100m) Morolake Akinosun
Leg 2 (100m) English Gardner
Leg 3 (200m) Dezerea Bryant
Leg 4 (400m) Miki Barber - ^ Leg 1 (200m) Sherri-Ann Brooks
Leg 2 (200m) Rosemarie Whyte
Leg 3 (400m) Moya Thompson 51.7
Leg 4 (800m)Kenia Sinclair 1:57.43 - ^ a b Current design.
- ^ a b Old design.
- ^ Leg 1 Matthew Centrowitz, Jr. 2:49.47
Leg 2 Michael Berry 46.40
Leg 3 Erik Sowinski 1:47.60
Leg 4 Patrick Casey 3:56.48 - ^ Team Hoka New Jersey-New York Track Club
- ^ This is the fastest indoor steeplechase with a water-jump.
- ^ Leg 1 (1200m) Emma Coburn 3:18.40
Leg 2 (400m) Sydney McLaughlin 52.32
Leg 3 (800m) Brenda Martinez 2:01.92
Leg 4 (1600m) Jenny Simpson 4:27.66 - ^ This is 2.32 m farther than the distance thrown by Jackie Joyner-Kersee during her world record-setting heptathlon performance of 23–24 September 1988, despite Klüft using the new specification javelin.
See also
References
- ^ IAAF (2008). "Rule 260.18". Competition Rules 2008 (PDF). pp. 202–203.
- ^ "Is this why Usain Bolt slowed down?". The First Post. 18 Aug 2008. Retrieved 14 Oct 2015.
- ^ "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. p. 546. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 17 Aug 2009.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Mulkeen, Jon (20 Aug 2009). "Bolt again, and again! 19.19 World record in Berlin". IAAF. Archived from the original on 2009-08-21. Retrieved 21 Aug 2009.
((cite news)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Rio 2016 - Men's 400m - Results" (PDF). Rio 2016. 14 Aug 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 15 Aug 2016.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "The XXX Olympic Games - 800 Metres Men Final - Results". IAAF. 9 Aug 2012. Retrieved 9 Aug 2012.
- ^ "Komon smashes through 27-minute barrier with 26:44 run in Utrecht 10km". IAAF. 26 Sep 2010. Retrieved 30 Sep 2010.
- ^ "Komon breaks world 15km record in Nijmegen". IAAF. 21 Nov 2010. Retrieved 21 Nov 2010.
- ^ "Golden Spike 2007 - 20000m Men Results" (PDF). Golden Spike Ostrava. 27 Jun 2007. Retrieved 31 Aug 2009.
- ^ a b Fernandes, António Manuel (21 Mar 2010). "Scorching 58:23 world half marathon record by Tadese in Lisbon". IAAF. Retrieved 21 Mar 2010.
- ^ "Golden Spike 2007 - 1 Hour Men Results" (PDF). Golden Spike Ostrava. 27 Jun 2007. Retrieved 31 Aug 2009.
- ^ a b Dave, Martin (4 Jun 2011). "Mosop rips apart World records for 25,000 and 30,000m in Eugene – Samsung Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 4 Jun 2011.
- ^ "Berlin 25km - Results - Kimetto, Dennis Kipruto". mika:timing. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "Kimetto breaks 25km World record in Berlin". IAAF. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "Diamond League Eugene - 30000 Metres Results" (PDF). Diamond League. 3 Jun 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 4 Jun 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "London Marathon - Tracking & Results - Leaderboard". London Marathon. 24 Apr 2016. Retrieved 24 Apr 2016.
- ^ a b c "Berlin Marathon Results - Kimetto, Dennis". Berlin Marathon. 28 Sep 2014. Retrieved 28 Sep 2014.
- ^ "Top lists - All time - 100 Kilometres Men". IAAF. Retrieved 21 Sep 2016.
- ^ "Top lists - All time - 110 Metres Hurdles Men". IAAF. 7 Sep 2012. Retrieved 7 Sep 2012.
- ^ a b Minshull, Phil (15 Feb 2014). "Renaud Lavillenie sets pole vault world record of 6.16m in Donetsk". IAAF. Retrieved 16 Feb 2014.
- ^ "World Championships - Results - Triple Jump Men Final". IAAF. 7 Aug 1995. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 2 Mar 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Smith, Shelley (28 May 1990). "Putting It Way Out There". Sports Illustrated.
- ^ "World Championships - Decathlon Final Results" (PDF). IAAF. 29 Aug 2015. Retrieved 29 Aug 2015.
- ^ "All-time men's best 10000m track walk - road race". Track & Field All-time Performances. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- ^ "Suzuki breaks 20km race walk world record". IAAF. 15 Mar 2015. Retrieved 15 Mar 2015.
- ^ Warburton, Paul (12 Mar 2011). "Rolling Stones and champagne accompany World 50,000m race walk track record for Diniz". IAAF. Retrieved 12 Mar 2011.
- ^ "European Athletics Championships - 50km Race Walk Men Results". EAA. 15 Aug 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-08-17. Retrieved 19 Aug 2014.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "The XXX Olympic Games - 4x100 metres Relay Men Final - Results". IAAF. 11 Aug 2012. Retrieved 11 Aug 2012.
- ^ Hart, Simon (25 May 2014). "Jamaica men break 4x200 metre relay record at IAAF World Relays in Nassau - and without Usain Bolt". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ "IAAF Council cancels 4x400m World record". IAAF. 12 Aug 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ "World Relays Bahamas - Results - Distance Medley Relay Men" (PDF). IAAF. 3 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "IAAF World Relays - 4x1500 metres Relay Men - Results". IAAF. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ a b c Linthorne, Nicholas P. (June 1995). "The 100-m World Record by Florence Griffith-Joyner at the 1988 U.S. Olympic Trials" (PDF). Brunel University. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ "Women's outdoor 100m". All-time top lists. IAAF. 17 September 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ "IAAF Diamond League Monaco Results - 1500m Women" (PDF). The Electronic World of Sports. 17 Jul 2015. Retrieved 18 Jul 2015.
- ^ a b Mulkeen, Jon (7 Feb 2017). "Dibaba breaks world 2000m record in Sabadell". IAAF. Retrieved 7 Feb 2017.
- ^ "Rio 2016 - Women's 10,000m - Results" (PDF). Rio 2016. 11 Aug 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 12 Aug 2016.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Bob Ramsak (9 September 2017). "Jepkosgei smashes world 10km record in Prague". IAAF. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
IAAF20170401was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Emeterio Valiente (22 October 2017). "Jepkosgei breaks world half marathon record in Valencia". IAAF. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
- ^ Wenig, Jörg (9 May 2010). "Kosgei, Keitany shatter 25Km World records in Berlin - Updated". IAAF. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d "London Marathon - Tracking & Results - Participant Details - Keitany, Mary". London Marathon. 23 Apr 2017. Retrieved 23 Apr 2017.
- ^ Mills, Steven (23 Apr 2017). "Keitany breaks women's-only world record at London Marathon". IAAF. Retrieved 23 Apr 2017.
- ^ "Diamond League Paris - Results - 3000m Steeplechase Women" (PDF). The Electronic World of Sports. 27 Aug 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-17. Retrieved 27 Aug 2016.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Diamond League London - Results - 100m Hurdles Women - Final" (PDF). The Electronic World of Sports. 22 Jul 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-07-22. Retrieved 22 Jul 2016.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Aouita, Chistyakova set records". Doylestown Intelligencer. 12 Jun 1988. Retrieved 10 Mar 2012.
- ^ "Wlodarczyk extends hammer world record in Warsaw". IAAF. 28 Aug 2016. Retrieved 28 Aug 2016.
- ^ "World Athletics Final - Javelin Throw Women - Results" (PDF). IAAF. 13 Sep 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 11 Sep 2009.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Women Heptathlon Olympic Games 1988 Seoul". Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 12 Aug 2012.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "All-time women's best 10000m road race-walk". Track & Field All-time Performances. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- ^ "Records by Discipline - 20,000 metres Race Walk - Women". IAAF. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ "Liu breaks 20km race walk world record in La Coruna". IAAF. 6 Jun 2015. Retrieved 6 Jun 2015.
- ^ "50km Race Walk Results" (PDF). IAAF. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ "The XXX Olympic Games - 4x100 metres Relay Women Final - Results". IAAF. 10 Aug 2012. Retrieved 10 Aug 2012.
- ^ "World Relays Bahamas - Results - Distance Medley Relay Women" (PDF). IAAF. 2 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "IAAF World Relays - 4x1500 metres Relay Women - Results". IAAF. 24 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ "World records and best performances, men's indoor". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 24 Jun 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "World records and best performances, men's indoor". Athletics Weekly. 27 Mar 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 27 Mar 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Rowbottom, Mike (17 Feb 2016). "Dibaba and Souleiman break world indoor records in Stockholm". IAAF. Retrieved 18 Feb 2016.
- ^ "European Athletics Indoor Championships - Results - Triple Jump Men" (PDF). The Electronic World of Sports. 6 Mar 2011. Retrieved 6 Mar 2011.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (6 Mar 2011). "Tamgho twice (!) triples 17.92m World record in Paris as European Indoor Champs conclude". IAAF. Retrieved 6 Mar 2011.
- ^ "World Indoor Championships - Heptathlon Final Results" (PDF). IAAF. 10 Mar 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 10 Mar 2012.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "World Indoor Championships - Results - 4 x 400 Metres Relay Men - Final" (PDF). IAAF. 9 Mar 2014. Retrieved 10 Mar 2014.
- ^ "New Balance Indoor Grand Prix - Men's 4x800m Relay". New Balance Indoor Grand Prix. 8 Feb 2014. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 9 Feb 2014.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Records for Cain, USA 4x800 at NBIGP". FloTrack. 8 Feb 2014. Retrieved 9 Feb 2014.
- ^ Minshull, Phil; Gordon, Ed (1 Feb 2014). "Genzebe Dibaba smashes world indoor 1500m record with 3:55.17 in Karlsruhe". IAAF. Retrieved 2 Feb 2014.
- ^ "Dibaba breaks world indoor 3000m record with 8:16.60 in Stockholm". IAAF. 6 Feb 2014. Retrieved 6 Feb 2014.
- ^ "XL Galan Results". 19 Feb 2015. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 Feb 2015.
((cite news)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Jenn Suhr Sets Indoor Pole Vault World Record". FloTrack. 30 Jan 2016. Retrieved 31 Jan 2016.
- ^ "USA Championships - Women's Pole Vault". USATF. 2 Mar 2013. Retrieved 3 Mar 2013.
- ^ "Triple Jump - W Final - Results". IAAF. 6 Mar 2004. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "World Indoor Championships - Pentathlon Women - Results". IAAF. 9 Mar 2012. Retrieved 9 Mar 2012.
- ^ Dolgopolov, Nickolai; Orlov, Rostislav (19 Feb 2011). "Women's World 4x800m Relay record falls in Moscow – Russian indoor champs wrap". IAAF. Retrieved 19 Feb 2011.
- ^ "Dash of doubt". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 30 Sep 2014.
- ^ "Fastest 40 yard Dash Time". Speed Endurance. 24 Jan 2008. Retrieved 10 Mar 2012.
- ^ "Olympic sprinter shows up John Ross". USA Today. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ "Biomechanical Analysis - World Championships - 100m Men Final: Usain Bolt" (PDF). IAAF. 17 Aug 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Biomechanical Analysis - World Championships - 100m Men" (PDF). IAAF. 16 Aug 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 26 Feb 2012.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Men 100 y - All Time Records". Track and Field Statistics. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ "Golden Spike 2010 - 100 Yards Men Final" (PDF). Golden Spike Ostrava. 27 May 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ Lee, Jimson (21 Aug 2009). "Usain Bolt 200 meter splits, Speed Reserve and Speed Endurance". Speed Endurance. Retrieved 8 Feb 2012.
- ^ Markham, Carl (17 May 2009). "Bolt runs 14.35 sec for 150m; covers 50m-150m in 8.70 sec!". IAAF. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
- ^ Martin, David (16 May 2010). "Gay clocks 19.41 on straight 200m in Manchester". IAAF. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ Lee, Jimson. "Tyson Gay 2010 Manchester 19.41 200 meter Splits". Speed Endurance. Retrieved 30 Sep 2014.
- ^ Butler, Mark (13 May 2010). "Can Tyson Gay break Smith's record in Manchester?". BBC News. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
- ^ Butler, Mark (16 May 2010). "Manchester Street Race Analysis". Track & Field News. Retrieved 8 Mar 2015.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (28 Jun 2017). "Van Niekerk breaks 300m world best in Ostrava". IAAF. Retrieved 29 Jun 2017.
- ^ Lee, Jimson (20 Jul 2007). "440 Yard and 400 Meter Racing – Facts and Figures". Speed Endurance. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
- ^ "John Smith - Profile". UCLA Athletics. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "USA Outdoor Track & Field Champions - Men's 400 m". USATF. Retrieved 3 Dec 2013.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (10 Sep 2016). "Rudisha sizzles fast 500m in Newcastle". IAAF. Retrieved 13 Sep 2016.
- ^ a b c "Keitany smashes Half Marathon World record in Ras Al Khaimah". IAAF. 18 Feb 2011. Retrieved 18 Feb 2011.
- ^ "2000m Steeple World best falls again, this time to Mekhissi-Benabbad in Reims; Robles hurdles 13.09". IAAF. 1 Jul 2010. Retrieved 1 Jul 2010.
- ^ "Daegu Statistics Book - Part 1 (of 5)" (PDF). IAAF. Retrieved 11 Nov 2013.
- ^ a b "200 Meter and 220 Yard Low Hurdles". Wood Hurdles. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ "Powerade ION4 Great CityGames Manchester - 2011 Results". Great Manchester Run. 15 May 2011. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 15 Jun 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Great CityGames Manchester - 2015 Startlists & Results". Great Manchester Run. 9 May 2015. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Lee, Jimson (16 May 2010). "What is the World Record for the 200 meter Hurdles?". Speed Endurance. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ "Bolding Breaks Hurdles Mark". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. 25 Jul 1974. Retrieved 21 Oct 2013.
- ^ "NFL Prospect Byron Jones Decimates Jumping Record At Scouting Combine". Huffington Post. 23 Feb 2015. Retrieved 23 Jul 2016.
- ^ "World record Double Decathlon beaten by Joe Detmer!". Double Decathlon. 26 Sep 2010. Retrieved 16 Feb 2015.
- ^ "World records and best performances, men's race walking". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 11 Jun 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Brown, Matthew (9 Jul 2017). "Obiri pounces to take mile meeting record in London – IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 10 Jul 2017.
- ^ "Shaul Ladany". International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved 24 Feb 2013.
- ^ "USC World Record Holders" (PDF). USC Track & Field. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ "IAAF Super Grand Prix Meeting Stockholm men/women results". ESPN. 25 Jul 2006. Retrieved 19 Mar 2012.
- ^ "Drake Relays - Saturday Notes". Drake University Athletics. 24 Apr 2015. Retrieved 25 Apr 2015.
- ^ Binder, Doug (5 May 2009). "Ray Flynn: "I wish them luck"". OregonLive.com. Retrieved 1 Apr 2014.
- ^ "Golden Spike 2011 - 100 Yards Women - Final" (PDF). Golden Spike Ostrava. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Athlete Profile - Merlene Ottey". IAAF. 9 Jun 2010. Retrieved 9 Jun 2010.
- ^ "Commonwealth All-Time Lists - Women". Athletics Weekly. 9 Aug 2006. Retrieved 9 Jun 2010.
- ^ Mulkeen, Jon (5 Jun 2017). "Miller-Uibo clocks 21.76 on 200m straight in Boston". IAAF. Retrieved 5 Jun 2017.
- ^ "South Africa's Van Niekerk wins 200m dash in Boston". Daily Mail. 5 Jun 2017. Retrieved 5 Jun 2017.
- ^ "Guevara triumphant but Montgomery is surprised in Mexico City". IAAF. 3 May 2003. Retrieved 15 Nov 2010.
- ^ "600m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 27 August 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ^ Bob Ramsak (9 September 2017). "Jepkosgei smashes world 10km record in Prague". IAAF. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ^ Mulkeen, Jon (13 Oct 2013). "Kibiwot sets 4 Mile World best in Groningen as Alamirew beats Gebrselassie". IAAF. Retrieved 18 Oct 2013.
- ^ Khan, Nadeem (3 Jul 2017). "Bereznowska sets world best at IAU 24 hour World Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 10 Jul 2017.
- ^ "ISTAF Berlin - 2000m Steeplechase Women - Results" (PDF). The Electronic World of Sports. 6 Sep 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-29. Retrieved 6 Sep 2015.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Pedroso 24.8 mondiale nei 200hs". Italian Athletics Federation (in Italian). 6 Apr 2013. Retrieved 6 Apr 2013.
- ^ "World Records and Best Performances". Athletics Weekly. 9 Aug 2006. Retrieved 5 Aug 2013.
- ^ "Lauren Wells breaks Australian 200m hurdles Record". Queensland Athletics. 23 Jan 2017. Retrieved 18 Feb 2017.
- ^ "BT Great CityGames Manchester - 2014 Startlists & Results". Great Manchester Run. 17 May 2014. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Kopřiva, Jakub (3 Aug 2013). "OBRAZEM: Velká cena Chebu byla plná hvězd a rekordů". 5plus2. Retrieved 3 Aug 2013.
- ^ "Outdoor World Records". International Association for Ultra Multievents. Retrieved 13 Feb 2017.
- ^ "World records and best performances, women's race walking". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 11 Jun 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Juck, Alfons; Mangan, Keven (18 May 2014). "EME News May 18th". American Track & Field. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ Mulkeen, Jon (7 Apr 2013). "Freeman's breakthrough and Hoffa's world lead highlight Florida Relays". IAAF. Retrieved 8 Apr 2013.
- ^ "The Penn Relays - USA vs. the World Women Sprint Medley". Penn Relays. 29 Apr 2017. Retrieved 30 Apr 2017.
- ^ "Domino Day 2008: New World Record for Toppled Dominoes". Neotrama. 16 Nov 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
- ^ a b "Player Profiles - Herb Washington". BaseballLibrary.com. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 26 Jun 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Usain Bolt sets world indoor record for 100 meters". Sporting News. Archived from the original on 2014-08-27. Retrieved 7 Sep 2014.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Usain Bolt clocks season's best 9.98 seconds indoors". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
- ^ "Bolt breaks world indoor 100m record". Marca. 24 Aug 2014. Retrieved 7 Sep 2014.
- ^ Longman, Jere (2 Jun 1997). "In a Duel of the Fastest, Bailey Runs All Alone". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 Mar 2014.
- ^ a b Hendershott, Jon (5 Mar 2017). "Lyles clocks world indoor 300m best at US Indoor Championships in Albuquerque". IAAF. Retrieved 5 Mar 2017.
- ^ "NCAA Division I Men's Indoor Track & Field" (PDF). NCAA. 2013. Retrieved 24 Feb 2015.
- ^ Mills, Steven (29 Jan 2017). "Braz wins clash of the global champions in Rouen, Loxsom breaks 600m world best – indoor round-up". IAAF. Retrieved 29 Jan 2017.
- ^ Turnbull, Simon (21 Feb 2015). "Farah breaks world indoor two miles best in Birmingham". IAAF. Retrieved 21 Feb 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g "World records and best performances, men's indoor". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 11 Jun 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Two World Records Fall at Armory NYC Indoor Marathon". Runner's World. 27 Mar 2017. Retrieved 27 Mar 2017.
- ^ "Indoor Flanders - 2000m Steeplechase Men Official result". TimeTronics. 13 Feb 2011. Retrieved 13 Feb 2011.
- ^ Mulkeen, John (14 Feb 2011). "Koech sets world record, Collins speeds up, Oliver and Wells dominate". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 14 Feb 2011.
((cite news)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Rarest world indoor best beaten". IAAF. 11 Feb 1999. Retrieved 27 Mar 2011.
- ^ "Herbert sets all-time best for indoor 400m Hurdles in Vaasa". IAAF. 10 Feb 2005. Retrieved 27 Mar 2011.
- ^ "Karsten Warholm (20), NOR, delivered a superb run when he equaled the world record in the 300 meters hurdles indoors, during the nations competition in Finland". Athletic World News. 11 Feb 2017. Retrieved 12 Feb 2017.
- ^ "National Meeting in Val de Reuil Hall - Competition Results". French Athletics Federation. 18 Feb 2012. Retrieved 19 Feb 2012.
- ^ "Félix Sánchez corre los 400 metros vallas en 48.78". Listín Diario (in Spanish). 18 Feb 2012. Retrieved 19 Feb 2012.
- ^ Storåkers, Johan (22 Mar 2009). "Kanter throws 69.51m world indoor best in Växjö". IAAF. Retrieved 28 Mar 2010.
- ^ "Resultatlista World Indoor Throwing" (PDF). World Indoor Throwing. 13 Mar 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 5 Apr 2012.
((cite news)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "All-time men's best javelin throw - indoor throw". Track & Field All-time Performances. 8 Jan 2017. Retrieved 15 Feb 2017.
- ^ "Men's Distance Medley Relay Invitational Final". MileSplit. 31 Jan 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-02-01. Retrieved 31 Jan 2015.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Mills, Steven; Ramsak, Bob (18 Feb 2017). "Siciarz speeds to world U20 60m hurdles record at Polish Indoor Championships – indoor round-up". IAAF. Retrieved 19 Feb 2017.
- ^ Brown, Matthew (15 Feb 2014). "Dibaba smashes two miles world best in Birmingham". IAAF. Retrieved 16 Feb 2014.
- ^ "Dubai: Top five under 2:05! from Alfons Jucks, EME News, deep thoughts by Larry Eder". RunBlogRun. 26 Jan 2013. Retrieved 30 Jan 2013.
- ^ "Central FD Indoor Championships - Results". ARAF. 24 Jan 2013. Retrieved 30 Jan 2013.
- ^ "Botnia Games Results". Botnia Games. 11 Feb 2010. Retrieved 13 Mar 2010.
- ^ "Other News". EME News. 11 Feb 2010. Retrieved 13 Mar 2010.
- ^ "World records and best performances, women's indoor". Athletics Weekly. 5 Feb 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 27 Mar 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Verdensrekord av Tomb". Addressavisen (in Norwegian). 9 Feb 2011. Retrieved 27 Mar 2011.
- ^ Liaudet, Stéphane (13 Feb 2011). "Un record du monde en 5641 et quel spectacle pour cette 2ème édition du meeting de Val de Reuil !!!". French Athletics Federation (in French). Retrieved 23 Feb 2011.
- ^ Eder, Larry (13 Feb 2011). "Isinbayeva and Lavillenie WL at 4.85m and 5.93m! by Alfons Juck, note by Larry Eder". RunBlogRun. Retrieved 23 Feb 2011.
- ^ "National Meeting in Val-de-Reuil - Competition Results". French Athletics Federation. 12 Feb 2011. Retrieved 23 Feb 2011.
- ^ "ISTAF Indoor Berlin - Results" (PDF). ISTAF Indoor. 14 Feb 2015. Retrieved 15 Feb 2015.
- ^ "World Indoor Throwing 2012 Complete Results" (PDF). World Indoor Throwing. 11 Mar 2012. Retrieved 5 Apr 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "World records and best performances, women's indoor". Athletics Weekly. 15 Feb 2017. Retrieved 15 Feb 2017.
- ^ a b "World records and best performances, women's indoor". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 11 Jun 2011.
((cite web)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Russia's Sokolova sets 5000m walk world indoor best". EAA. 5 Jan 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-06-09. Retrieved 6 Jan 2011.
((cite news)): Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "BW-Bank Meeting Results - 4x100 Metres Relay". BW-Bank Meeting. 31 Jan 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
- ^ Kellert, Robert (28 Jan 2017). "Sydney McLaughlin Part of World Record DMR! 10:40.31". MileSplit. Retrieved 29 Jan 2017.
- ^ Litsky, Frank (23 Feb 1999). "Track and Field: Notebook -- Women's Heptathlon; Joyner-Kersee's Record Is Erased". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 Mar 2012.
- ^ "Top lists - All time - Heptathlon Women". IAAF. 17 Sep 2011. Retrieved 24 Mar 2012.
External links
- Records overview – IAAF
- World Record progression in athletics – athletix.org
- Track and Field all-time performances
- Masters Track & Field World Records
| World |
| ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European | |||||||||||||||||||
Records in athletics | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area records |
| ||||||||||
| World events | |||||||||||
| Africa | |||||||||||
| Americas |
| ||||||||||
| Asia | |||||||||||
| Europe | |||||||||||
| Oceania | |||||||||||
| Community |
| ||||||||||
| World records | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People | |||||||||||||
| Sporting records |
| ||||||||||||
| National records | |||||||||||||
| Motion records |
| ||||||||||||
| Structures | |||||||||||||
| Physical phenomena | |||||||||||||