^Kim was referred to as supreme leader in 2011, and then appointed as First Chairman of the National Defence Commission in 2012 and Chairman of the State Affairs Commission in 2016 —having been de factoleader of North Korea throughout.
^Palestine continues to be administered de jure by the Palestinian National Authority, and hence the Palestinian head of state and head of government jointly remain as both the president and prime minister of this corresponding National Authority. Despite its existing status internationally as a somewhat mostly recognized state, it remains an occupied state on the part of Israel in the West Bank.
^The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. Within this executive council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.