A national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a country. Flags come in many shapes and designs, which often represent something about the country or people that the flag represents. Common design elements of flags include shapes such as stars, stripes, and crosses, layout elements such as including a canton (a rectangle with a distinct design, such as another national flag), and the overall shape of a flag, such as the aspect ratio of a rectangular flag (whether the flag is square or rectangle, and how wide it is) or the choice of a non-rectangular flag. Sometimes these flags are used to represent languages.
Many countries with shared history, culture, ethnicity, or religion have similarities in their flags that represent this connection. Sets of flags in this list within the same category may represent countries' shared connections, or the design similarity may be a coincidence.
Afghanistan(under an unrecognized government) – the Shahada (an Islamic creed meaning "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet") written in the Thuluth script.
Andorra – "VIRTVS VNITA FORTIOR", Classical Latin for "United virtue is stronger".
Belize – "Sub Umbra Floreo", meaning "Under the Shade I Flourish" in Latin.
Brazil – "Ordem e Progresso", meaning "Order and Progress" in Portuguese.
Equatorial Guinea – "Unidad, Paz, Justicia", meaning "Unity, Peace, Justice" in Spanish
Iran – the Takbir ("Allahu akbar", which means "God is [the] greatest") written in the Kufic script 11 times.
Afghanistan (2013–2021) – the lowest line of text reads Afghanistan in the Pashto alphabet, and the calligraphic text at the top is the Shahada with the Takbir written beneath it.
Brunei – the line of text on the crescent reads "Always render service with God's guidance", while the lower line reads Brunei Darussalam, both in the Jawi script.
El Salvador – the name of the country encircles the coat of arms, which features the motto "Dios, Unión, Libertad" (Spanish for "God, Unity, Freedom") inside.
Dominican Republic – the motto "Dios, Patria, Libertad" (meaning "God, Homeland, Freedom" in Spanish) can be read above the coat of arms at the center, below is the name of the country.
Other texts
California – the name of the short lived and unrecognized state "California Republic", which preceded California's admission into the Union.
Dominican Republic – the Bible is opened to the Gospel of John, chapter 8, verse 32, which reads “Y la verdad los hará libres”, which translates to “And the truth shall set you free” from Spanish.
Guatemala – "Libertad 15 de septiembre de 1821", a combination of the Spanish word for "Freedom" and the date of independence of the former Federal Republic of Central America from Spain.
Haiti – "L'union fait la force" (meaning "Union makes strength" in French), which is different from the country's official motto "Liberté, égalité, fraternité".
Malta – "For Gallantry" can be read at the George Cross carried in the canton.
Belize
Brazil
Burundi
Ethiopia
Grenada
India
Japan
Kazakhstan
South Korea
Laos
Niger
North Macedonia
Paraguay
Tunisia
Uganda
Bangladesh
Greenland (autonomous territory of Denmark)
North Korea
Namibia
New Caledonia (French overseas collectivity)
Palau
Portugal
Afghanistan (2013–2021)
Cabo Verde
Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand)
Dominica
Eritrea
Europe (various organisations)
French Polynesia (overseas territory of France)
Northern Mariana Islands (unincorporated territory of US)
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