Following the killing of Armenian journalist Hrant Dink in Istanbul on 19 January 2007 various lists of journalists killed in Turkey since the early 20th century were published. One such list was published by the Turkish Association of Journalists (tr: Türkiye Gazteciler Cemiyeti). It contains 64 names of journalists killed between 1909 and 2009.[1] A "Platform of imprisoned journalists" published a list in April 2012 that contained 112 names.[2] Yet, it is difficult to obtain detailed information in particular on early cases, in order to determine whether the deaths had been assassinations directly linked to the profession of the victims.
It also appears that some people were not journalists by profession, but affiliated to certain publications as readers, vendors or even part-time publishers of political comments. These people will not be included in the lists, apart from people who were killed because they distributed certain publications.
In some cases, the state has been seen guilty for assassinating Kurdish journalists.
Only few cases of journalists killed in Turkey between the foundation of the Republic and the military coup of 12 September 1980 were listed. Yet, some of these killings were high-profile assassinations that contributed to the atmosphere of political violence (often termed "civil war") that the Turkish army used as the main reason for its intervention. A bit more information is available on some of the 15 cases reported for this period:
Name | Publication | Place | Date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hikmet Şevket | 1930 | |||
Sabahattin Ali | Marko Paşa | Edirne | 2 April 1948 | listed under writers |
Aziz Korkmaz | Hürriyet | Silvan | 19 October 1975 | As chief of the Diyarbakır office of Hürriyet he had reported on a clash between a Kurdish tribe and soldiers of the gendarmerie. The following day he allegedly died in an accident, but his corpse was found 150 metres away from the car and all his equipment and material had gone. The Turkish deep state is believed to be behind his murder.[3][4] |
Adem Yavuz | Anka News Agency | Cyprus | 27 August 1974 | see tr:Adem Yavuz |
Hüseyin Şen | KAWA | Istanbul | 21 March 1978 | He was the editor-in-chief of the journal and member of a Kurdish newspaper. He was allegedly tortured and killed in Selimiye (Istanbul) military prison.[5] |
Gani Bozarslan | Aydınlık | 10 May 1978 | Translated books from Kurdish to Turkish | |
Ali İhsan Özgür | Politika | Istanbul | 21 November 1978 | Politika was first issued by DİSK and later by the TKP. Ali İhsan Özgür disappeared so that the family had difficulties in identifying him.[6] |
Cengiz Polatkan | Hafta Sonu | Ankara | 1 December 1978 | |
Abdi İpekçi | Milliyet | İstanbul | 1 February 1979 | two members of the ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves, Oral Çelik and Mehmet Ali Ağca (who later shot pope John Paul II), murdered Abdi İpekçi in his car on the way back home from his office in front of his apartment building in Istanbul.[7] Ağca was caught due to an informant and was sentenced to life in prison. After serving six months in a military prison in Istanbul, Ağca escaped with the help of military officer. |
İlhan Darendelioğlu | Ortadoğu | Istanbul | 19 November 1979 | member of the MHP, see tr:İlhan Egemen Darendelioğlu |
İsmail Gerçeksöz | Ortadoğu | Istanbul | 4 April 1980 | also published books[8] |
Hayrabet Honca | Halkın Birliği | Kayseri | 1 May 1980 | member of TKP/ML, killed by right-wingers[9] |
Ümit Kaftancıoğlu | TRT | İstanbul | 11 April 1980 | right-wing Ahmet Mustafa Kıvılcım stated in his interrogation by the police that he killed Ümit Kaftancıoğlu, because he was a "leftist", but later rejected the statement. He remained four months in pre-trial detention and was released. The assailants were not found.[10] |
Muzaffer Fevzioğlu | Hizmet | Trabzon | 15 April 1980 | |
Recai Ünal | Demokrat | Istanbul | 22 July 1980 | allegedly kidnapped and tortured[11] |
After the military coup of 1980 fewer journalists were killed in the fight between the radical left and the extreme right. After the end of the 1980s there have been several killings of journalists known for their anti-government attitude and secular (in Turkey also termed laicist). In some cases members of radical Islamic organizations have been prosecuted and condemned for these killings. In one case a militant of the PKK allegedly confessed to such a killing. Other killings in the 1980s and 1990s include:
Name | Publication | Place | Date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mevlüt Işıt | Türkiye | Ankara | 1 June 1988 | |
Kamil Başaran | Gazete | İstanbul | 28 February 1989 | He was shot by the owner of a restaurant, who did not like his way of reporting.[4] |
Seracettin Müftüoğlu | Hürriyet | Nusaybin | 29 June 1989 | |
Sami Başaran | Gazete | İstanbul | 7 November 1989 | He had an interview with the leader of a Kurdish tribe from Mardin in his office in Aksaray (Istanbul). He was shot there at the age of 25.[4] |
Çetin Emeç | Hürriyet | İstanbul | 7 March 1990 | Two people entered his car and shot him and his driver Sinan Ercan.[4] For this killing four members of the Islamic Movement Organization (tr: İslami Hareket Örgütü were sentenced to life imprisonment, but his brother does not believe that the true killers were caught.[12] |
Turan Dursun | 2000'e Doğru | İstanbul | 4 September 1990 | For this killing a member of the Islamic Movement Organization (tr: İslami Hareket Örgütü was sentenced to life imprisonment, but the person believed to be his killer, is still on the run.[12] |
Uğur Mumcu | Cumhuriyet | Ankara | 24 January 1993 | While different hypothesis exist on who was behind the killing the prosecutor's office in Ankara maintains that two assassins were sentenced and a case opened against the third suspect had been opened, all three of them being members of the Tawhid-Salaam Jerusalem Organization (tr: Tevhid-Selam Kudüs) that allegedly was behind the murder.[13] |
Onat Kutlar | Cumhuriyet | İstanbul | 11 January 1995 | The brother of the archaeologist Yasemin Cebenoyan, who had died in the same bomb attack, complained that many people thought the murder had not been solved or that an Islamic organization was behind it. He had been convicted in 2005, but as a confessor he had been released after 9.5 years' imprisonment.[14] |
Ahmet Taner Kışlalı | Cumhuriyet | Ankara | 21 October 1999 | His death as well as the killings of Uğur Mumcu, Prof. Dr. Ahmet Taner Kışlalı, Prof. Dr. Muammer Aksoy and Assistant Professor Dr. Bahriye Üçok were the subject of a trial at Ankara Heavy Penal Court 11 known as the Umut (Hope) case. The court ruled that the defendants had formed an illegal organization by the name of "Kudüs Ordusu" (Jerusalem Army) and "Tevhid Selam" (Tawhid-Salaam) and had committed violent acts in Turkey. On 28 July 2005 one defendant was sentenced to life imprisonment, while seven others received sentences as leaders or members of an illegal organization.[15] The Court of Cassation confirmed the sentence of the main suspect on 11 November 2006.[16] |
In the 1990s the Kurdish-Turkish conflict became harsher with a large number of casualties on both sides. At the same time more and more civilians fell victim to extrajudicial killings, murders by unknown assailants (tr: faili meçhul), a term used in Turkish to indicate that the perpetrators were not identified because of them being protected by the State and cases of disappearance. Soon after the pro-Kurdish press had started to publish the first daily newspaper by the name of "Özgür Gündem" (Free Agenda) killings of Kurdish journalists started. In many cases, the state was blamed for murders and in some cases the Turkish variety of the radical Islamic organization Hizbullah was made responsible for the killings, in others the PKK was accused, but the majority remained without a clear indication to the persons behind the fatal attacks. Hardly any of them has been clarified or resulted in sanctions for the assailants. Among the 33 journalists that were killed in the first half of the 1990s are also cases not related to the Kurdish conflict. In 2008, the European Court of Human Right condemned Turkey for executing and assassinating Kurdish journalists and writers. Musa Anter, a prominent Kurdish writer, was killed by the state in 1992.[17]
Among Kurdish patriots (tr: yurtsever, often used as an acronym for sympathizers of the PKK by the state) the "tradition" that started with Özgür Gündem is often called "history of the free press". In this context the figure of 76 victims (called martyrs of the press; tr: basın şehitleri) is often mentioned.[18] While the lists compiled under such headings contain 73 names[19] it has to be said that they include names of journalists and distributors that were killed by the Turkish state, Turkish JITEM and under tragic circumstances(e.g. in a traffic accident). In 2008, the ECHR has condemned Turkey for assassinating Musa Anter who was working for Özgur Gundem.[17]
Yet, the number of staff members of the "free press" and volunteers to distribute dailies and weeklies termed "Kurdish free press" that were killed "on duty", particularly during the early stages of reporting on the Kurdish question in Turkey remains high. The list of names of distributors of Özgür Gündem and its successors that were killed (while the perpetrators mostly remained unknown) includes 18 names. Among the 33 journalists that were killed between 1990 and 1995 most were working for the so-called Kurdish Free Press.
Name | Publication | Place | Date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gündüz Etil | Yeni Günaydın | İstanbul | 18 September 1991 | |
Halit Güngen | 2000'e Doğru | Diyarbakır | 18 February 1992 | He was killed by unidentified murderers two days after reporting that eyewitnesses and sympathizers of Turkish Hezbollah had said that members of the organization were educated in the headquarters of Turkey's rapid deployment force (Çevik Kuvvet) in Diyarbakır.[20] |
Cengiz Altun | Yeni Ülke | Batman | 25 February 1992 | aged 24, he was killed by six bullets fired into his back as he was on his way to work.[21] |
İzzet Kezer | Sabah | Cizre | 23 March 1992 | a journalist for the mainstream daily, Sabah; shot and killed by security forces in Cizre during violence that followed the celebration of the Kurdish New Year. During a state-imposed curfew, Kezer and other journalists emerged from their hotel waving white flags. No shooting was going on at the time. Kezer, at the head of the group, reached an intersection and was shot dead by security forces who fired from an armored personnel carrier. No action has been taken against the security forces responsible for his death.[21] |
Bülent Ülkü | Körfeze Bakış | Bursa | 1 April 1992 | aged 26, he was found wounded near Uludağ on 1 April and died shortly afterwards. The autopsy certified marks of handcuffs and ink on his fingers.[22] Officials claimed that he was the victims of an internal dispute between left-wing organizations, but friends deny such a possibility.[23] |
Mecit Akgün | 2000e Doğru | Nusaybin | 2 June 1992 | His body was found hanging from a telephone pole near the village of Colova in Nusaybin. It was claimed that a statement was found on his body saying that he was "punished because he was a traitor", this was allegedly signed by the PKK.[21] |
Hafız Akdemir | Özgür Gündem | Diyarbakır | 8 June 1992 | Killed by a single bullet shot into the back of his head, fifty meters from his home in Diyarbakir. Ozgur Gundem began publication on 30 May 1992; reporters stated that they had received telephoned threats for several days, several addressed to Akdemir. He had written about the Islamic organization Hezbollah and Turkish counterguerrillas.[24][21] |
Çetin Ababay | Özgür Halk | Batman | 29 July 1992 | he was shot in the head by three unidentified men while on his way home in Batman.[21] |
Yahya Orhan | Özgür Gündem | Gercüş | 31 July 1992 | aged 30, he was shot and killed by unknown assailants. Ozgur Gundem reported that Mr. Orhan had been stopped on the street and threatened.[21] |
Hüseyin Deniz | Özgür Gündem | Ceylanpınar | 9 August 1992 | aged 36, he was critically wounded by one bullet fired into his neck. Mr. Deniz was also the regional correspondent for the daily, Cumhuriyet.[21] |
Musa Anter | Özgür Gündem | Diyarbakır | 20 September 1992 | aged 74, Mr. Anter had written for Ozgur Gundem and Yeni Ulke, as well as for the Kurdish newspaper, Welat. He was also the chairman of the board of the Mesopotamian Cultural Center in Istanbul. Mr. Anter was reportedly lured from his hotel on false pretenses and shot in the outskirts of Diyarbakir. A relative accompanying him was shot and wounded at the same time.[21] |
Mehmet Sait Erten | Azadi-Denk | Diyarbakır | 3 November 1992 | |
Yaşar Aktay | free-lanced | Hani | 9 November 1992 | During the violent incidents in Hani district, he was reportedly killed during clashes between the PKK militants and government forces.[22] |
Hatip Kapçak | Serbest/Hürriyet | Mazıdağı | 18 November 1992 | the Mardin reporter for a local newspaper, Soz, and for the weekly journal, Gercek (Fact), was killed in an armed attack in the Mazidagi district of Mardin on 18 November. Mr. Kapcak had been researching and reporting on the activities of the Turkish Hezbollah organization, which allegedly has ties to security forces. Mr. Kapcak had served six years in prison on political charges following the 1980 military coup. After his release, he wrote for the mainstream daily, Gunes, and then for the daily, Hurriyet.[21] |
Namık Tarancı | Gerçek | Diyarbakır | 20 November 1992 | aged 37, he was shot and killed on his way to work. He reportedly received three bullets in his head after an attack by two assailants and died on the spot.[21] |
Kemal Kılıç | Yeni Ülke | Şanlıurfa | 18 February 1993 | aged 29, he was shot dead with two bullets in the head by four assailants. Mr. Kilic had been writing for the newspaper Yeni Ulke since the suspension of publication of Ozgur Gundem in January. Mr. Kilic was also a member of the board of the Urfa Branch of the Turkish Human Rights Association. Mehmet Senol, the Diyarbakir representative for Ozgur Gundem, reported that Mr. Kilic had applied for a gun license, but that his application had been rejected.[21] He was shot and killed by unknown assailants in Kulunce Village, near the city of Urfa. Police had questioned him about a news release he had published on the difficulties distributors had faced in selling the newspaper in Sanli Urfa Province.[25] |
Mehmet İhsan Karakuş | Silvan Gazetesi | Silvan | 13 March 1993 | aged 53, owner of the local newspaper Silvan. He was shot by unknown assailants that could not be identified until the end of 1993.[26] |
Ercan Güre | Hürriyet News Agency | Bergama | 20 May 1993 | or Ercan Gürel, soon after the incident Veysel Özakıncı was detained as his killer and stated that he killed him because of a dispute of the ownership of land.[26] |
Ömer Taşar | Milli Gazete | Saraybosna | 26 June 1993 | killing outside Turkey by fire opened from Serbian positions.[26] |
İhsan Uygur | Sabah | İstanbul | 6 July 1993 | |
Rıza Güneşer | Halkın Gücü | İstanbul | 14 July 1993 | he was the owner of the left-wing journal "Halkın Gücü". The murder is believed to have been committed by the "Bedri Yağan group", a split of the Devrimci Sol[26] |
Ferhat Tepe | Özgür Gündem | Bitlis | 28 July 1993 | disappeared when he was reportedly forced to get into a car. Although several teams of police were seen patrolling the streets at the time, they denied any knowledge of the incident. On 8 August a body found in Lake Hazar, near the city of Elazig, was identified as being Tepe's.[27] On 9 May 2003 the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the material in the case file does not enable it to conclude beyond all reasonable doubt that the applicant's son was abducted and killed by any State agent or person acting on behalf of the State authorities.[28] |
Muzaffer Akkuş | Milliyet | Bingöl | 20 September 1993 | Aged 34, was killed by unknown assailants.[29][26] |
Ruhi Can Tul | TDN[30] | Kırıkkale | 14 January 1994 | aged 29, Ruhican Tul died when a bomb exploded in a bus going from Ankara to Samsun. Three people were killed. The PKK allegedly claimed responsibility for the attack.[31] |
Nazım Babaoğlu | Gündem | Siverek | 12 March 1994 | he is presumed dead after disappearing in Siverek, a small town near Urfa. He had traveled there to follow up on a news tip from a colleague, who later denied phoning him.[32] |
Kamil Koşapınar | Zaman | Erzurum | 19 March 1994 | according to the newspaper he worked for, Kâmil Koşapınar was killed by a stray bullet at a photo shop.[33] |
İsmail Ağay | Özgür Ülke | Batman | 29 May 1994 | surname might be Ağaya; according to the Bar Association in Batman such a person is "missing" since December 1994.[34] |
Erol Akgün | Devrimci Çözüm | Gebze | 8 September 1994 | editor-in-chief of the left-wing weekly Devrimci Cozum, was killed by unidentified assailants as he left his home in Gebze, near Istanbul. His colleagues at the paper believe a rival left-wing faction killed him because he was the weekly's editor.[35] |
Bahri Işık | Çağdaş Marmara | İstanbul | 17 September 1994 | |
Ersin Yıldız | Özgür Ülke | İstanbul | 3 December 1994 | aged 30, he died when the offices of his paper in Istanbul were destroyed by a bomb, planted by unidentified persons, 19 staff members were wounded.[31] |
Bekir Kutmangil | Yeni Günaydın | İstanbul | 23 May 1995 | he was the owner of the local newspaper, but reportedly he was involved in affairs of organized crime. A rival was made responsible for the killing.[36] |
Nail Aydın | Son Haber | Giresun | 28 July 1995 | |
Seyfettin Tepe | Yeni Politika | Bitlis | 28 August 1995 | also spelled Safyettin Tepe, he was taken into custody on 22 August. Four days later he was moved to the Bitlis Security Directorate. He died in custody on 29 August. His family was told that he committed suicide but rejects that official explanation.[37] |
At the same time several people distributing pro-Kurdish newspaper in the region under a state of emergency, were killed, too. The list of names of distributors of Özgür Gündem and its successors that were killed (while the perpetrators mostly remained unknown) includes 18 names:[38]
Name | Date | Place | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Halil Adanır | 21 November 1992 | Diyarbakır | taxi driver, aged 32, married with 5 children, he was burned to death in his car while delivering pro-Kurdish newspaper Özgur Gundem. The government is blamed for his death.[21] |
Kemal Ekinci | 16 December 1992 | Diyarbakır | Hh was killed as he left his house in the Saraykapi district. In early December, he had acted as a spokesperson for newspaper vendors who were protesting the prevention of newspaper sales in Diyarbakir.[21] |
Lokman Gündüz | 31 December 1992 | Nusaybin | Aged 20, he had started distributing the pro-Kurdish newspaper that day.[21] |
Orhan Karaağar | 10 January 1993 | Van | After being threatened by the government forces a numerous of times for delivering pro-Kurdish newspaper, he was knifed to death.[39][26] |
Teğmen Demir | 5 June 1993 | Batman | He worked for pro-Kurdish newspaper Özgur Gundem and was found dead on 5 June 1993.[40] |
Haşim Yaşa | 14 June 1993 | Diyarbakır | Aged 34, father of seven children was detained and beaten at the local police station. He and his uncle were killed by the Turkish state.[41][42][26] |
Yusuf Karaüzüm | 26 August 1993 | Silvan | aged 27, attack of three people, second victim was Vahit Demir (30)[26] |
Zülküf Akkaya | 28 September 1993 | Diyarbakır | aged 34, killed by three people. In protest the shops selling papers closed for several days.[26] |
Adil Başkan | 9 November 1993 | Nusaybin | aged 28, he had been threatened before.[26] |
Yalçın Yaşa | 10 November 1993 | Diyarbakır | aged 13 |
Kadir İpeksürer | 19 November 1993 | Urfa | He was attacked by militants of Turkish Hezbollah with cleavers and died in hospital.[26] |
Adnan Işık | 27 November 1993 | Van | aged 29, married with four children, witnesses claimed that the assailants entered Van Police HQ with their cars.[26] |
Mehmet Sencer | 4 December 1993 | Diyarbakır | aged 41, of Arabic off-spring.[26] |
Musa Dürü | 3 December 1993 | Batman | the killings of Musa Dürü and Yahya Çilligöz happened within just 15 minutes.[26] |
Yahya Çilligöz | 3 December 1993 | Batman | the killings of Musa Dürü and Yahya Çilligöz happened within just 15 minutes.[26] |
Zuhat Tepe | 14 December 1993 | Iskenderun | aged 27, he was found 50 metres away from his home with his throat being cut.[26] |
Hıdır Çelik | 23 August 1994 | Diyarbakır | aged 40, no result of the investigations until the end of 1994.[31] |
Metin Alataş | 3 April 2010 | Adana | aged 34, distributing the Kurdish daily newspaper Azadiya Welat, was found hanging from a tree. He was also attacked in December whilst distributing the paper in the region. Colleagues believe he was killed by "illegal forces" or forced to commit suicide.[43] |
The killings of journalists in Turkey since 1995 are more or less individual cases. Most prominent among the victims is Hrant Dink, killed in 2007, but the death of Metin Göktepe also raised great concern, since police officers beat him to death. Since 2014, several Syrian journalists who were working from Turkey and reporting on the rise of Daesh have been assassinated.
The death of Metin Alataş in 2010 is also a source of disagreement – while the autopsy claimed it was suicide, his family and colleagues demanded an investigation. He had formerly received death threats and had been violently assaulted.[44]
Name | Publication | Place | Date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metin Göktepe | Evrensel | İstanbul | 8 January 1996 | he was beaten to death by police. His death prompted a public outcry among journalists. After several trials, retrials, and appeals, in January 2000, an appeals court upheld seven-and-a-half-year prison sentences for five police officers involved in the killing.[45] |
Kutlu Adalı | Yeni Düzen | Cyprus | 8 July 1996 | aged 61, an organization called Turkish Revenge Brigade (TIT) claimed responsibility for the attack.[46] |
Yemliha Kaya | Halkın Gücü | İstanbul | 27 July 1996 | aged 28, she was the owner and editor-in-chief of the journal Halkın Gücü (Power of the People). She died as the result of a hunger strike against the prison conditions. She was in prison since 1995, charged with membership of the DHKP-C.[47] |
Selahattin Turgay Daloğlu | İstanbul | 9 September 1996 | known as a writer of books about Fatsa (self-administration in Fatsa, see de:Selbstverwaltung in Fatsa). He was killed at his home.[48] | |
Reşat Aydın | AA, TRT | 20 June 1997 | ||
Abdullah Doğan | Candan Fm | Konya | 13 July 1997 | |
Ünal Mesuloğlu | TRT | Manisa | 8 November 1997 | |
Mehmet Topaloğlu | Kurtuluş | Adana | 28 January 1998 | police officers killed Mehmet Topaloğlu, Adana representative of the newspaper Kurtuluş, and Selahattin Akıncı, a vendor for the same, and Bülent Dil, in a house raid in the night of 28 January.[49] |
Önder Babat | Devrimci Hareket | İstanbul | 3 March 2004 | aged 25, he was shot in his head with a 9 mm bullet after he had left the office of his paper in Beyoğlu (Istanbul) together with three friends. It has not been found out who the attackers were, where they came from and why they shot Babat.[50] The ECtHR considered that the material in the case file did not enable it to conclude beyond all reasonable doubt that Önder Babat was killed by any State agent or person acting on behalf of the State authorities. Therefore, there had been no violation of Article 2 on that account.[51] |
Yaşar Parlak | Silvan Mücadele | Silvan | 18 August 2004 | born 1956, started as an amateur journalist with Günaydın in 1973. After 1976 he worked for the news agency Akdeniz. His first book "History of Silvan" was released 1980. His research on unsolved killings in Silvan "Şehitler Şehri Silvan" (Town of Martyrs: Silvan) was released in 2004, but the governor banned its distribution. In April 2004 Yaşar Parlak was detained on allegations that he had kidnapped a girl (a young woman looking after his mother). He was released after one month. Two months later he was shot in his neck with one bullet. Six years later the assailants have not been identified.[52] |
Hrant Dink | Agos | İstanbul | 19 January 2007 | aged 52, managing editor of the bilingual Turkish-Armenian weekly Agos, was shot outside his newspaper's offices in Istanbul. A day later, police arrested the alleged triggerman, 17-year-old Ogün Samast, who reportedly confessed to the crime.[53] The Turkish authorities have failed to address state officials' alleged involvement in the killing of journalist and human rights activist Hrant Dink, Amnesty International said in January 2012. Calls by the Dink family to investigate the collusion and negligence of state officials in the murder, backed by a European Court of Human Rights judgment in 2010, have not been heeded.[54] |
İsmail Cihan Hayırsevener | Güney Marmara Yaşam | Bandırma | 19 December 2009 | aged 51, in connection with the killing 12 people are on trial in Istanbul. The founder of the newspaper İlk Haber (First News), İhsan Kuruoğlu is accused of having instructed Serkan Erakkuş to kill Mr Hayırsevener. The hearing of 28 August 2012 was adjourned to 22 November 2012.[55] On 1 August 2013 Istanbul Heavy Penal Court 10 sentenced İhsan Kuruoğlu to 27 years' imprisonment.[56] |
Serena Shim | Press TV | Suruc,Turkey | 19 October 2014 | aged 29, killed in a very suspicious car crash, days after being threatened by Turkish Intelligence. |
Ibrahim Abdulkader | Ayn Watan | Şanlıurfa, Turkey | 27 December 2015 | Victim was a Syrian refugee. Daesh has claimed responsibility.[57] |
Firas Hammadi | Ayn Watan | Şanlıurfa, Turkey | 27 December 2015 | Victim was a Syrian refugee. Daesh has claimed responsibility.[57] |
Naji al Jurf | Hentah | Gaziantep, Turkey | 27 December 2015 | Victim was a Syrian refugee. Nobody has claimed responsibility for the assassination, which happened as al Jurf's family were seeking asylum in France.[58] |
Rohat Aktaş | Azadiya Welat | Cizre, Turkey | 24 February 2016 | Caught in the crossfire between the Turkey military and the PKK in Cizre, Turkey.[59][60] |
Halla Barakat | ABC News | Istanbul, Turkey | 21 September 2017 | Turkish authorities arrested and secured a confession from a distant relative for the murder of Halla and her mother due to financial reasons, but her family, friends and colleagues suspect that "her work may have threatened powerful figures with the motive and means to silence them." Outside experts familiar with the case, said that the documents reveal several inconsistencies and outright contradictions in the official narrative.[61] |
Jamal Khashoggi | The Washington Post | Istanbul, Turkey | 2 October 2018 | Murdered by Saudi agents in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.[62] |
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