This article lists the graminoid species of Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area located in western Baltimore County, Maryland, United States.^[1] Graminoids, within the order of Poales, include: grasses (Poaceae), sedges (Cyperaceae), rushes (Juncaceae), and cattails (Typhaceae). ^[2]

Introduction

Much of the area of the Soldiers Delight NEA, which totals 1,900 acres (7.7 km²) of protected land, contains a serpentine barren that contains a number of rare and endangered species of plants.^[3]

The Graminoids list was developed using the following publications, with authors' acronyms indicated:
[F] Fleming et al. 1995, [M] Monteferrante 1973, [R] Reed 1984, [We] Wennerstrom 1995, and the unpublished data by [Wo] Worthley 1955-1985.

List of Graminoids of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area

Division Magnoliophyta; Class Liliopsida—Monocotyledons; Order Poales.

Families

Cyperaceae (Sedge Family)

• Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke - Thread-leaf Beak-sedge[Wo]
• Carex bicknellii Britt. - Bicknell's Sedge [Wo]
• Carex bullata Schkuhr - Button Sedge [M, R]
• Carex caroliniana Schwein. - Carolina Sedge [Wo]
• Carex cephalophora Muhl. - Oval-headed Sedge [Wo]
• Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. - Hirsute Sedge [M, R, Wo]
• Carex convoluta Mackenzie? - [R]
• Carex flaccosperma Dewey - Thin-fruited Sedge [R, Wo]
• Carex hystericina Muhl. - Porcupine Sedge, Bottlebrush Sedge [R] {G5, S1, E}
• Carex lupulina Muhl. - Hop Sedge [Wo]
• Carex lurida Wahl. - Lurid Sedge, Sallow Sedge [Wo]
• Carex nigromarginata Schwein. - Black-edge Sedge [Wo]
• Carex pensylvanica Lam. - Pennsylvania Sedge [R, Wo]
• Carex richardsonii R. Br. - Richardson's Sedge {G4, S1, E}
• Carex rosea Schkuhr - Rosy Sedge, Stellate Sedge, Curly-Styled Wood Sedge [M, R]
• Carex seorsa E.C. Howe - Weak Stellate Sedge [R]
• Carex swanii (Fern.) Mackenzie - Swan's Sedge, Downy Green Sedge [Wo]
• Carex umbellata Schk. - Parasol Sedge, Early Oak Sedge [R]
• Cyperus esculentus L. - Yellow nutsedge [Wo]
• Cyperus strigosus L.- Straw-colored Cyperus, Straw-colored Flat-sedge [M, R, Wo]
• Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schultes - Kill Cow, Slender Spikerush [M, R, Wo]
• Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roemer & Schultes - Blunt Spikerush, Ovate Spikerush [Wo]
• Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roemer & Schultes - Annual Fimbry [M, R, We, Wo]
• Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) R. & S. - Autumn Sedge, Slender Fimbry [M, R]
• Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl - White Beak-rush [M, R, Wo]
• Scirpus atrovirens Willd. - Black Bulrush, Dark Green Bulrush [M, Wo]
• Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth - Woolgrass [Wo]
• Scirpus hattorianus Makino - Early Dark-green Bulrush, Mosquito Bulrush [R]
• Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl.) A. & D. Löve - Great Bulrush, Soft-stem Bulrush [M, R]
• Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. - Carolina Whipgrass, Few-flower Nutrush [M, R, Wo]

Juncaceae (Rush Family)

• Juncus acuminatus Michx. - Tapertip Rush, Sharp-fruited Rush, Knotty Leaf Rush [Wo]
• Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. - Short-tailed Rush, Narrow-panicle Rush [M] {G5, S2}
• Juncus bufonius L. - Toad Rush [M, Wo]
• Juncus canadensis J. Gay - Canada Rush [M, Wo]
• Juncus dichotomus Elliott (Syn. Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dichotomus (Elliott) A. Wood) - Forked Rush [Wo]
• Juncus dudley Wiegand (Syn. Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dudleyi (Weig.) F.J. Herm.) - Dudley's Rush [R, Wo]
• Juncus effusus L. - Common or Soft rush [Wo]
• Juncus secundus Beauv. - Lopsided Rush, Nodding Rush [M, R, Wo]
• Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Conv. & Blake - Tailed Rush [M, R]
• Juncus tenuis Willd. - Path Rush, Slender rush, Poverty Rush, Field Rush [M, R, We, Wo]
• Luzula bulbosa (Wood.) Rydb. - Bulbous Woodrush [Wo]

Poaceae (Grass Family)

• Agrostis gigantea Roth - Redtop [R, Wo]
• Agrostis hymenalis (Walter) BSP. - Tickle Grass [M, Wo]
• Agrostis hymenalis (Walter) BSP. var. scabra (Willd.) Blomq. - Tickle Grass [R]
• Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman - Autumn or Upland Bent [M, R, Wo]
• Andropogon gerardi Vitman - Big Bluestem [F, M, We, Wo]
• Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. var. glomeratus (Syn. Andropogon virginicus var. abbreviatus) - Bushy Bluestem [R]
• Andropogon gyrans Ashe - Elliott's Bluestem [Wo]
• Andropogon virginicus L. - Broom-sedge [We, Wo]
• Anthoxanthum odoratum L. - Sweet Vernal Grass [Wo]
• Aristida dichotoma Michx. - Poverty Grass, Three-awn Grass [M, R, We, Wo]
• Aristida oligantha Michx. - Prairie Three-awn [Wo]
• Aristida purpurascens Poiret - Purple Three-awn [M, R, We, Wo]
• Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J & C.Presl. - Tall Oat Grass [Wo]
• Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. - Bearded Shorthusk[Wo]
• Bromus commutatus Schrader - Upright or Hairy Chess [M, Wo]
• Bromus japonicus Thunb. - Japanese Bromegrass [R]
• Bromus pubescens Muhl. - Canada Brome [Wo]
• Bromus secalinus L. - Chess, Cheat [R]
• Bromus tectorum L. - Drooping Brome, Downy Chess, Downy Brome [Wo]
• Cinna arundinacea L. - Stout Woodreed [Wo]
• Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. - Bermuda Grass [Wo]
• Dactylis glomerata L. - Orchard Grass [M, We, Wo]
• Danthonia sericea Nutt. - Downy Danthonia [Wo]
• Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. - Poverty Grass [M, Wo]
• Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. - Tufted Hair-grass [We, Wo] {G5, S1, E}
• Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. - Crinkled Hair-grass [R]
• Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark (Syn. Panicum aciculare) - Needle-leaf Rosette Grass [M]
• Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann (Syn. Panicum lanuginosum) - Western Panic Grass [M, Wo]
• Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark (Syn. Panicum boscii) - Bosc's Panic Grass [Wo]
• Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould (Syn. Panicum clandestinum) - Deer-tongue Grass [M, Wo]
• Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould (Syn. Panicum depauperatum) - Starved Panic Grass [M, Wo]
• Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould (Syn. Panicum dichotomum) - Bushy Panic Grass [R, Wo]
• Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould (Syn. Panicum linearifolium) - Low Panic Grass [R, Wo]
• Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould (Syn. Panicum oligosanthes) - Few-flowered Panic Grass [R, Wo] {G5, S2}
• Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould (Syn. Panicum sphaerocarpon) - Round-fruited Panic Grass [R, Wo]
• Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koeler - Finger Grass [R]
• Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. - Smooth Crabgrass [M, R, Wo]
• Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. - Crabgrass [Wo]
• Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - Barnyard Grass [M, Wo]
• Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. - Goose-grass [Wo]
• Elymus hystrix L. - Bottle-brush Grass [Wo]
• Elymus virginicus L. - Virginia Wild-rye [M, Wo]
• Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski - Quackgrass, Witchgrass [Wo]
• Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees - Lace Grass [Wo]
• Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Janchen - Stink-grass [Wo]
• Eragrostis minor Host - Little Lovegrass [Wo]
• Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steudel - Purple Lovegrass [Wo]
• Festuca elatior L. - Meadow Fescue, Tall Fescue [M, Wo]
• Festuca ovina L. - Sheep Fescue [Wo]
• Festuca rubra L. - Red Fescue [R, Wo]
• Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E. Alexeev. - Nodding Fescue [Wo]
• Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. - Fowl Manna Grass [Wo]
• Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. - Vanilla Grass, Holy Grass [M, R, We, Wo] {G4, S1, E}
• Holcus lanatus L. - Velvet Grass [Wo]
• Leersia virginica Willd. - White Grass [Wo]
• Lolium perenne L. - Perennial ryegrass [Wo]
• Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus - Japanese Stilt Grass [EU]
• Miscanthus sinensis Andersson - Chinese silver grass, Eulalia [Wo]
• Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poiret) Fernald - Wirestem Muhly [M, Wo]
• Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. - Satin Grass, Wire-stem Muhly [R]
• Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmelin - Nimblewill [Wo]
• Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. - Branched Muhly [R]
• Panicum capillare L. - Old Witch Grass [M, Wo]
• Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. - Spreading Witch Grass [Wo]
• Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. - Wood Witch Grass [Wo]
• Panicum verrucosum Muhl. - Warty Panic Grass [R]
• Panicum virgatum L. - Switchgrass
• Paspalum laeve Michx. - Smooth Paspalum [Wo]
• Phalaris arundinacea L. - Reed canary grass [Wo]
• Phleum pratense L. - Timothy-grass [M, R, Wo]
• Poa annua L. - Annual Meadow-grass, Spear grass [Wo]
• Poa compressa L. - Canada Bluegrass [M, R, Wo]
• Poa languida A. Hitch. - Weak Speargrass [M] {G3, SU}
• Poa palustris L. - Fowl Meadow-grass [M] {G5, SH}
• Poa pratensis L. - Kentucky Bluegrass, Smooth Meadow-grass [R, Wo]
• Poa trivialis L. - Rough-stalked Bluegrass [M, Wo]
• Schizachyrium scoparium Michx. Nash - Little Bluestem [F, M, We, Wo]
• Setaria faberi Herrm. - Faber's Foxtail [Wo]
• Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. - Knotroot Bristle-grass [M, Wo]
• Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. - Yellow Foxtail [M, Wo]
• Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. - Green Foxtail [R, We, Wo]
• Sorghastrum nutans Nash - Indian Grass [M, R, We, Wo]
• Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. - Johnson Grass [Wo]
• Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. - Prairie Wedge-grass [M, R, Wo]
• Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. major (Torr.) K.S. Erdman - [M, R, Wo]
• Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) A. Hitchc. - Swamp-oats [Wo] {G4, S1, T}
• Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood - Poverty Grass [R, Wo]
• Tridens flavus (L.) A. Hitchc. - Purple-top [We, Wo]
• Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. - Eastern Gamma-grass [We]
• Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. - Six-weeks Fescue [Wo]

Typhaceae (Cattail Family)

• Typha latifolia L. - Broad-leaf Cat-tail [We]