The echinoderms of Venezuela are a strictly marine animal phylum comprising about 124 species of marine waters designated for Venezuelan Caribbean.[1] The first lists of species for Venezuelan coast date back to 1939[2] and 1967.[3]
In Venezuela are five classes representatives living today: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea.[4] In this list are listed 105 species for the territory Venezuelan.[2][3][5][6][7]
Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state[nota 1] | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777)[3][7] | Rosy Feather-star[8] | Atlantic Ocean[9] | Ar; Su; Va | |
Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtàles, 1869)[3] | Sea lily[3][10] | Caribbean Sea[11] | Ar | |
Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Black and White Sea Lily[12] | Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[13] | Ar; Ca; Fa; DF; Su; Va |
Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881[5] | Starfish[14] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[15] | NE; Su | |
Asterinides folium (Lütken, 1859)[2][3][7] | Common Blunt Armed Sea Star[16] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[17] | Su | |
Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859[2][3][7] | Starfish[14] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[18] | Su; Zu | |
Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel (1842)[3][7] | Starfish[14] | Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[19] | An; Fa; Mi; NE; Su | |
Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840[3][7][20] | Two-spined Star Fish[21] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[22] | NE; Su; Va; Zu | |
Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840[2][3][7][20] | Starfish[14] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[23] | DA; Fa; NE; Su; Zu | |
Echinaster brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842[7] | Starfish[14] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[24] | Su | |
Echinaster echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Starfish[14] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[25] | DF; NE; Su | |
Goniaster tesellatus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][5][7] | Starfish[14] | Atlantic Ocean[26] | NE; Su | |
Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840[2][3][7] | Yellow Starfish[14] | Cosmopolitan[27] | NE | |
Luidia alternata (Say, 1825)[3] | Starfish[14] | Caribbean Sea[28] | NE; Su; Zu | |
Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Starfish[14] | Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean[29] | An; NE; Su; Zu | |
Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7][20] | Nine-armed Sea Star[30] | Northwesthern Atlantic Ocean[31] | Mi; NE; Su | |
Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1858)[2][3][7] | Orange Starfish[14] Cushion Sea Star[32] | Caribbean Sea[33] | Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su | |
Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Starfish[14] | Caribbean Sea[34] | DA; DF; Su |
Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amphiodia trychna H. L. Clark, 1918[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[35] | An; Su | |
Amphioplus coniortodes H. L. Clark, 1918[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[36] | An; NE; Su | |
Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1867[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[37] | Su | |
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)[3][7] | Small Brittle Star[38] | Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[39] | NE; Su | |
Amphiura palmeri T Lyman, 1882[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[40] | Su | |
Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[41] | NE | |
Amphiura stimpsonii Lútken, 1859[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[42] | Su | |
Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1824[3] | Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar[43] | Northern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[44] | Fa | |
Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7][20] | Grifo[14] Giant Basket Star[45] | Caribbean Sea[46] | Ar; DF; NE; Su | |
Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852)[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[47] | An; DA; Mo; Su | |
Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1852)[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[48] | Su | |
Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[49] | Su | |
Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[50] | Su | |
Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842)[3][7] | Savigny's Brittle Star[51] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean[52] | DF; Mi; NE; Su | |
Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lútken, 1859)[7] | Lobate Brittle Star[53] | Caribbean Sea[54] | Su | |
Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Black Brittle Star[55] | Caribbean Sea[56] | Ar; DF; Fa; NE; Su | |
Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1859[3][7] | Banded Ophiocoma[57] | Caribbean Sea[58] | DF; Fa; Su; Va | |
Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842[3][7] | Red Ophiocoma[59] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean[60] | NE; Su | |
Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H. L. Clark, 1963)[3][7] | Coralline Brittle Star[61] | Caribbean Sea[62] | Ar; Su | |
Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Harlequin Brittle Star[63] | Caribbean Sea[64] | DF; Mi; NE; Su | |
Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856[2][3][7] | Short Spined Ophioderma[65] | Caribbean Sea[66] | Ca; DF; Fa; Mi | |
Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[67] | DF; Mi | |
Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842[7] | Chocolate Brittle Star[68] | Caribbean Sea[69] | Su | |
Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856[3][7] | Ruby Brittle Star[70] | Caribbean Sea[71] | Su | |
Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[72] | An; DF; Mi; NE; Su | |
Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[73] | Mi; Su | |
Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825)[7] | Scaly Brittle Star[74] | Caribbean Sea[75] | Su | |
Ophiomyxa flaccida ( Say, 1825)[3][7] | Slimy Brittle Star[76] | Caribbean Sea[77] | DF; Su | |
Ophionereis olivacea H. L. Clark, 1901[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[78] | Su | |
Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1925)[3][7] | Reticulated Brittle Star[79] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[80] | DF; NE; Su | |
Ophionereis squamulosa Köehler, 1913[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[81] | Su | |
Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[82] | Su | |
Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[83] | Ar; DF; Su | |
Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860)[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[84] | Va | |
Ophiothrix angulata (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Angular Brittle Star[85] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[86] | DF; Mi; NE; Su | |
Ophiothrix brachyactis H. L. Clark, 1915[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[87] | Su | |
Ophiothrix oerstedii Lütken, 1856[2][3][7] | Oersted's Brittle Star[88] | Caribbean Sea[89] | DF; NE; Su | |
Ophiothrix suensonii Lütken, 1856[3][7] | Suenson's Brittle Star[90] | Caribbean Sea[91] | NE; Su | |
Ophiura acervata Lyman 1869[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[92] | DA; Mo; Su |
Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Purple Sea Urchin.[93][94] | Caribbean Sea[95] | An; NE; Su | |
Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907[3][7] | Caribbean Sea[96] | An; Su | ||
Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778)[3] | Groove Burrowing Urchin[97] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Westhern Mediterranean Sea[98] | An; DF; Su | |
Clypeaster cyclopylus H.L.Clark, 1941[99] | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[100] | DF (Archp. Los Testigos) | ||
Clypeaster euclastus H.L.Clark, 1941[7][99] | Caribbean Sea[101] | An, Ca, DA, DF, Fa | ||
Clypeaster lamprus H.L.Clark, 1914[99] | Caribbean Sea[102] | Va | ||
Clypeaster prostratus Ravenel, 1848[99] | Caribbean Sea[103] | Fa, Zu | ||
Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][99] | Sea Biscuit[104] | Caribbean Sea[105] | Fa; DF; NE | |
Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825)[3][7][99] | Sand Dollar[106] | Caribbean Sea[107] | An; Fa; NE; Su | |
Diadema antillarum (Philippi & Agassiz, 1863)[3][7] | Long-spined Sea Urchin[108] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[109] | Ar; Ca; DF; Mi; Su; Va | |
Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][7][110] | Rock-boring Urchin[111] | Caribbean Sea[112] | An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu | |
Echinometra viridis Agassiz, 1863[2][3][7] | Green Urchin[14] | Caribbean Sea[113] | Ar; Ca; DF; Fa; Mi | |
Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99] | Sand Dollar, Cookie[14] | Caribbean Sea[114] | Ar; NE; Su | |
Encope michelini Agassiz, 1841[99] | Notched Sand Dollar[115] | Caribbean Sea[116] | Ar; NE; Su | |
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7] | Slate Pencil Urchin[117] | Caribbean Sea[118] | DF; Mi; NE; Su; Va; Zu | |
Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99] | Six Holed Keyhole Urchin[119] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[120] | An; Ar; Ca; Mi; NE; Su; Va | |
Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7][121] | Variegated Sea Urchin[122] | Caribbean Sea[123] | An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; su; Va; Zu | |
Mellita quinquiesperforata latiambulacra H. L. Clark, 1940[2][3][7][99] | Dollar see; Cookie[124] | Caribbean Sea[125] | An; Ar; Ca; DA; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu | |
Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Caribbean Sea[126] | DF; NE | ||
Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Caribbean Sea[127] | Su; | ||
Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788)[7] | Caribbean Sea[128] | An; DA; Su | ||
Schizaster orbignyanus Agassiz, 1980[3][7] | Caribbean Sea[129] | An; DA; Su | ||
Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Sea Egg[130] | Caribbean Sea[131] | DF; Fa; Mi; NE; Su; Va |
Species | Common name | Global distribution | Distribution by state | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aslia pygmaea (Théel 1886)[2][6][7] | Venezuelan Caribbean sea[132] | NE | ||
Aslia surinamensis (Semper 1868)[7][133] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[133] | NE | ||
Astichopus multifidus (Sluter, 1910)[134] | Fissured Sea Cucumber[135] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[136] | DF | |
Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851)[7] | Worm Cucumber[137] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[138] | Su | |
Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930)[7] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[139] | Su | ||
Holothuria arenicola Semper, 1868[7] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[140] | Su | ||
Holothuria cubana Ludwig, 1875[7] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[141] | Su | ||
Holothuria glaberrima Selenka, 1867[7] | Brown Rock Sea Cucumber[142] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[143] | Su | |
Holothuria grisea (Selenka; 1867)[6][7] | Gray Sea Cucumber[144] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[145] | Su | |
Holothuria impatiens (Forskaal, 1775)[6][7] | Impatient Sea Cucumber[146] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean[147] | Su | |
Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875[7] | Donkey Dung Sea Cucumber[148] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[149] | DF; Fa | |
Holothuria occidentalis Ludwig, 1875[7] | Caribbean Sea[150] | Su | ||
Holothuria parvula (Selenka, 1867)[7] | Golden Sea Cucumber[151] | Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean[152] | Su | |
Holothuria princeps (Selenka, 1867)[6][7] | Caribbean Sea[153] | Su | ||
Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig, 1875[2][7] | Surinam Sea Cucumber[154] | Caribbean Sea[155] | Zu | |
Holothuria thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980[7] | Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber[156] | Caribbean Sea[157] | su | |
Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867)[6][7] | Three-rowed Sea Cucumber[158] | Caribbean Sea[159] | DF; Su | |
Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967[7] | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[160] | Su | ||
Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886)[7] | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[161] | Su | ||
Ocnus suspectus (Ludwig, 1874)[7] | Caribbean Sea[162] | Su | ||
Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852[7] | Nortrwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[163] | Su | ||
Pseudothyone belli (Luswig, 1887)[7] | Caribbean Sea[164] | Su | ||
Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824)[7] | Caribbean Sea[165] | Su | ||
Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930[7] | Caribbean Sea[166] | Su | ||
Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930)[7] | Caribbean Sea[167] | Su |
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