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Conservatism in the United States |
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American conservatism is a broad system of political beliefs in the United States characterized by respect for American traditions, republicanism, support for Judeo-Christian values,[1] moral absolutism,[2] free markets and free trade,[3][4] anti-communism,[4][5] individualism,[4] advocacy of American exceptionalism,[6] and a defense of Western culture from the threats, whether real or perceived, posed by anarchism, communism, socialism, liberalism, authoritarianism, and moral relativism.[7] The recent movement is based in the Republican Party, though some Democrats were also important figures early in the movement's history.[8][9]
The following list is made up of prominent American conservatives from the public and private sectors. The list also includes political parties, organizations and media outlets which have made a notable impact on conservatism in the United States. Entries on the list must have achieved notability after 1932, the beginning of the Fifth Party System. Before 1932, terminology was different. Positions that are called conservative after 1932, were typically called "liberal" (i.e. classical liberal) before then. Likewise European liberals, such as Friedrich Hayek, were called conservatives when they came to America, which puzzled Hayek.[10]
Name | Lifetime | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
George Santayana | 1863–1952 | philosopher and author | [11] |
Garet Garrett | 1878–1954 | financial journalist | [12] |
Frank Knight | 1885–1972 | economist | [13][14] |
Walter Lippmann | 1889–1974 | reporter and public intellectual | [15] |
Ernst Kantorowicz | 1895–1963 | historian | [16] |
Clarence Manion | 1896–1979 | direct-mailer | [17] |
Leo Strauss | 1899–1973 | political philosopher | [18] |
Whittaker Chambers | 1901–1961 | author of Witness | [19][20] |
Will Herberg | 1901–1977 | sociologist | [21] |
Eric Hoffer | 1902–1983 | philosopher | [22] |
James Burnham | 1905–1987 | political philosopher and co-founder and editor of National Review | [23] |
Hannah Arendt | 1906–1975 | historian and philosopher | [24][25][26] |
Willard Van Orman Quine | 1908–2000 | philosopher and logician | [27][28] |
Willmoore Kendall | 1909–1967 | political philosopher | [29] |
Frank Meyer | 1909–1972 | editor of the Books, Arts and Manners section of National Review | [30] |
Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn | 1909–1999 | journalist and political philosopher | [31] |
Richard M. Weaver | 1910–1963 | author of Ideas Have Consequences | [32][33] |
George J. Stigler | 1911–1991 | economist | [34] |
Milton Friedman | 1912–2006 | economist | [35] |
Robert Nisbet | 1913–1996 | sociologist | [36] |
Daniel J. Boorstin | 1914–2004 | historian | [37] |
Russell Kirk | 1918–1994 | author of The Conservative Mind | [32][38] |
Thomas Molnar | 1921–2010 | political philosopher and historian | [39] |
William A. Rusher | 1923–2011 | publisher of National Review | [40] |
Stanley Jaki | 1924–2009 | philosopher of science and historian | [41] |
Phyllis Schlafly | 1924–2016 | activist | [42] |
John Lukacs | 1924–2019 | historian | [43] |
William F. Buckley Jr. | 1925–2008 | author, television host, and founder of National Review | [44][45] |
L. Brent Bozell Jr. | 1926–1997 | speechwriter for Senator Joseph McCarthy | [45] |
Tim LaHaye | 1926–2016 | author and political activist | [46] |
Forrest McDonald | 1927–2016 | historian | [47] |
Beverly LaHaye | 1929– | activist and founder of Concerned Women for America | [48][49][50][51] |
Irving Kristol | 1920–2009 | Neoconservative author and writer | |
Eugene Genovese | 1930–2012 | historian | [52] |
Thomas Sowell | 1930– | author, columnist, professor, and economist at the Hoover Institution | [53] |
James Q. Wilson | 1931–2012 | social scientist | [54] |
Christopher Lasch | 1932–1994 | historian and social critic | [55] |
Harvey Mansfield | 1932– | political philosopher | [56] |
Richard Viguerie | 1933– | media pioneer | [57][58] |
Mel Bradford | 1934–1993 | literary critic and legal scholar | [59] |
Richard John Neuhaus | 1936–2009 | founder of First Things | [60] |
John Kekes | 1936– | philosopher | [61] |
Walter E. Williams | 1938–2020 | author, columnist, and economics professor | [62][63][64] |
Arthur Laffer | 1940– | economist | [65] |
George Will | 1941– | columnist for the Washington Post | [66][67] |
Edwin Feulner | 1941– | founder of The Heritage Foundation | [68] |
Paul Gottfried | 1941– | political philosopher and historian | [69] |
Paul Weyrich | 1942–2008 | president of The Heritage Foundation | [70] |
Claes G. Ryn | 1943– | political philosopher | [71] |
Scott Soames | 1945– | philosopher | [72] |
Joseph Sobran | 1946–2010 | writer for National Review | [73] |
Charles Krauthammer | 1950–2018 | public intellectual | [74] |
Peggy Noonan | 1950– | columnist for The Wall Street Journal | [53] |
Larry Schweikart | 1951– | historian | [75] |
Bill Kristol | 1952– | former editor of The Weekly Standard | [76] |
Carol Swain | 1954– | Former political science professor at Vanderbilt University | |
Terry Teachout | 1956–2022 | drama critic, biographer, and playwright | [77] |
Grover Norquist | 1956– | president of Americans for Tax Reform | [76] |
Mark Bauerlein | 1959– | literary critic and senior editor of First Things | [78] |
Dinesh D'Souza | 1961– | author and filmmaker | [79][80] |
Bruce Frohnen | 1962– | legal philosopher | [81] |
Oren Cass | 1983– | author and political commentator | [82] |
Charlie Kirk | 1993– | Founder and President of Turning Point USA, author and political commentator | [83] |
Name | Lifetime | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg | 1884–1951 | Known for his opposition to the New Deal | [84] |
Senator Robert A. Taft | 1889–1953 | First chairman of the Senate Republican Policy Committee | [85] |
Senator John W. Bricker | 1893–1986 | Thomas E. Dewey's running mate in the 1944 presidential election | [86] |
Senator Everett Dirksen | 1896–1969 | Republican senator who helped get the Civil Rights Act passed | [87] |
Ambassador Clare Boothe Luce | 1903–1987 | Politician, writer, and ambassador | [88] |
Senator Joseph McCarthy | 1908–1957 | Known for his principal role in the Red Scare of the 1950s | [89][90] |
Senator Barry Goldwater | 1909–1998 | 1964 Republican presidential nominee | [32] |
President Ronald Reagan | 1911–2004 | 40th President of the United States | [91][92] |
Chief Justice William Rehnquist | 1924–2005 | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court | [93] |
Congressman James Edmund Jeffries | 1925 - 1997 | Member, United States House of Representatives from Kansas (1979 - 1983) | |
UN Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick | 1926–2006 | Ambassador to the United Nations under Ronald Reagan | [94] |
Attorney General Edwin Meese | 1931– | Attorney General during the Reagan Administration | [95] |
Congressman Jack Kemp | 1935–2009 | 1996 Republican vice presidential nominee known for his support of supply-side economics and urban renewal | [96] |
Congressman Larry McDonald | 1935–1983 | Served as president of the John Birch Society | [97] |
Congressman Ron Paul | 1935– | Presidential candidate (1988 Libertarian Party nominee, 2008 Republican candidate, 2012 Republican candidate) who promoted a libertarian agenda within the Republican Party | [76] |
Justice Antonin Scalia | 1936–2016 | Supreme Court justice known as a leading exponent of originalism and textualism | [98] |
White House Communications Director Pat Buchanan | 1938– | White House communications director under President Ronald Reagan, paleoconservative advisor to multiple presidents; prominent commentator and co-founder of The American Conservative; Republican presidential candidate in 1992 and 1996; Reform Party nominee for president in 2000 | [99][100][101] |
House Majority Leader Dick Armey | 1940– | One of the chief authors of the Contract with America | [102] |
Vice President Dick Cheney | 1941– | Known for his hawkish views on national security | [103] |
Senator Mitch McConnell | 1942– | Senate Minority Leader | [104] |
Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich | 1943– | Chief author of the Contract with America, 2012 presidential candidate known for his criticism of the Clinton, G. W. Bush, and Obama administrations | [103] |
President Donald Trump | 1946– | 45th President of the United States | [105][106][107][108][109][110][111] |
President George W. Bush | 1946– | 43rd President of the United States | [112][103] |
Senator Mitt Romney | 1947– | Senator from Utah since 2019, 2012 Republican presidential nominee, 2008 Republican presidential candidate, Governor of Massachusetts (2003-2007), | [103] |
UN Ambassador John R. Bolton | 1948– | National Security Advisor, U.N. ambassador, and foreign policy hawk | [113] |
Justice Clarence Thomas | 1948– | Supreme Court Justice, most prominent African-American conservative jurist in American history | [76] |
Deputy Chief of Staff Karl Rove | 1950– | Political strategist to George W. Bush | [114] |
Senator Jim DeMint | 1951– | Tea Party-affiliated U.S. Senator, president of the Heritage Foundation | [115] |
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice | 1954– | Secretary of State during the George W. Bush administration | [116] |
Chief Justice John Roberts | 1955– | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court | [103] |
Congresswoman Michele Bachmann | 1956– | Sought the 2012 Republican nomination for president | [117] |
Vice President Mike Pence | 1959– | Vice President under Donald Trump, governor of Indiana, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana | [118][103] |
Senator Rand Paul | 1963– | U.S. Senator from Kentucky, libertarian-leaning conservative, 2016 GOP presidential candidate and son of Ron Paul | [119] |
Governor Sarah Palin | 1964– | Governor of Alaska, 2008 Republican vice presidential nominee| | |
Senator Tim Scott | 1965– | Senator from South Carolina, only African-American Republican senator | [120] |
Attorney General Kris Kobach | 1966– | Secretary of State and Attorney General of Kansas | [121][122][123] |
Senator Ted Cruz | 1970– | Tea Party-affiliated U.S. senator who finished second in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries | [124][125] |
Speaker of the House Paul Ryan | 1970– | Speaker of the House, 2012 Republican vice-presidential nominee | [126][103] |
Senator Marco Rubio | 1971– | U.S. Senator from Florida, 2016 GOP presidential candidate | [127][53][125] |
Name | Lifetime | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Roger Milliken | 1915–2010 | businessman | [128] |
Joseph Coors | 1917–2003 | businessman | [129] |
Billy Graham | 1918–2018 | evangelist known for his support of capitalism | [130] |
Sun Myung Moon | 1920–2012 | founder of the Unification Church | [131] |
Richard DeVos | 1926–2018 | co-founder of Amway | [132] |
Rupert Murdoch | 1931– | CEO of News Corp and 21st Century Fox | [133] |
Richard Mellon Scaife | 1932–2014 | billionaire donor to conservative organizations | [134] |
Sheldon Adelson | 1933–2021 | billionaire donor to conservative political candidates | [135] |
Jerry Falwell | 1933–2007 | televangelist | [136][137] |
Charles G. Koch | 1935– | billionaire industrialist and donor to conservative organizations and candidates | [132][138] |
Foster Friess | 1940–2021 | billionaire donor to conservative organizations | [139] |
David H. Koch | 1940–2019 | billionaire industrialist and donor to conservative organizations and candidates | [132][138] |
Richard Land | 1946– | former lobbyist for the Southern Baptist Convention | [140] |
Robert Mercer | 1946– | donor to conservative organizations such as Breitbart News | [141] |
Franklin Graham | 1952– | evangelist and political activist | [142] |
Tony Perkins | 1963– | chairman of the Family Research Council | [53] |
Peter Thiel | 1967– | venture capitalist and political activist | [143] |
Russell Moore | 1971– | president of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention | [144] |
Name | Lifetime | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Raymond Moley | 1886–1975 | columnist | [145] |
David Lawrence | 1888–1973 | author of Beyond the New Deal | [146] |
Clarence Manion | 1896–1979 | talk radio host | [147] |
Henry Luce | 1898–1967 | founder of Time | [148] |
Fulton Lewis | 1903–1966 | radio host | [149] |
Henry Regnery | 1912–1996 | activist | [150] |
Paul Harvey | 1918–2009 | radio commentator | [151] |
Bob Grant | 1929–2013 | talk show host | [152] |
William Safire | 1929–2009 | commentator for The New York Times | [67][153] |
Roger Ailes | 1940–2017 | president of Fox News | [103] |
Michael Savage | 1942– | talk radio host | [76] |
Herman Cain | 1945–2020 | radio host, syndicated columnist, and candidate in the 2012 Republican presidential primaries | [154] |
Lou Dobbs | 1945– | television newscaster | [155] |
Michael Medved | 1948– | talk radio host | [156] |
Dennis Prager | 1948– | talk radio host | [157][158] |
Bill O'Reilly | 1949– | television and radio host | [159][53] |
Rush Limbaugh | 1951–2021 | talk radio host | [103] |
Larry Elder | 1952– | filmmaker | [160] |
Charlie Sykes | 1954– | talk-show host | [161] |
Hugh Hewitt | 1956– | talk radio host | [157][162] |
Sean Hannity | 1961– | host of Hannity and The Sean Hannity Show | [163] |
Ann Coulter | 1961– | political commentator | [164][165] |
Laura Ingraham | 1963– | Fox News and talk radio commentator | [66][166] |
Adam Carolla | 1964– | co-host of Loveline and host of The Adam Carolla Show | [167] |
Matt Drudge | 1966– | creator, and editor of the Drudge Report | [168][169] |
Andrew Breitbart | 1969–2012 | blogger, author, journalist, and creator of Breitbart News | [32][170] |
Tucker Carlson | 1969– | talk show host | [104][171] |
Michelle Malkin | 1970– | newspaper columnist, author, and blogger | [172] |
Ben Shapiro | 1984– | commentator and media host | [173] |
Matt Walsh | 1986- | political commentator and author | |
Jackson Hinkle | 1999- | Social media influencer, political commentator | [174] |
Name | Lifetime | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Charles Ives | 1874-1954 | Influential modernist composer | [175] |
Emma Lucy Gates Bowen | 1882-1951 | American operatic soprano singer | [176] |
Hoagy Carmichael | 1899-1981 | One of the most successful Tin Pan Alley songwriters of the 1930s | [177] |
Lionel Hampton | 1908-2002 | Jazz musician and bandleader | [178] |
Sun Ra | 1914-1993 | Avant-garde jazz composer and bandleader | [179] |
Frank Sinatra | 1915-1998 | One of the most popular entertainers of the mid-20th century | [180][181] |
Milton Babbitt | 1916-2011 | Pioneering composer of electronic music and music theorist | [182] |
Dean Martin | 1917-1995 | One of the most popular entertainers of the mid-20th century | [183] |
Liberace | 1919-1987 | Pianist, singer and performer known for his flamboyant stage persona | [184] |
Hank Williams | 1923-1953 | Influential singer-songwriter of country music | [185] |
Andy Williams | 1927-2012 | Traditional pop singer | [186] |
Tom Wilson | 1931-1978 | American record producer | [187] |
Loretta Lynn | 1932-2022 | Country music singer and songwriter | [188] |
Frankie Valli | 1934 - | Known as the frontman of The Four Seasons | [189] |
Pat Boone | 1934 - | American pop singer | [190] |
Elvis Presley | 1935-1977 | American singer and cultural figure known as the King of Rock and Roll | [191] |
Sonny Bono | 1935-1998 | One half of the pop duo Sonny & Cher | [192] |
Dick Dale | 1937-2019 | Influential guitarist and surf music pioneer | [193] |
Kenny Rogers | 1938-2020 | Country music singer and songwriter | [194] |
Phil Everly | 1939-2014 | One half of the country rock duo The Everly Brothers | [195] |
Dion DiMucci | 1939 - | Prominent rock and roll musician | [196] |
Bruce Johnston | 1942 - | Member of The Beach Boys | [197] |
Roger McGuinn | 1942 - | Leader and only consistent member of the folk and psychedelic rock band The Byrds | [198] |
Tommy Hall | 1943 - | Electric jug player and founding member of the psychedelic rock band 13th Floor Elevators | |
Moe Tucker | 1944 - | Drummer and singer-songwriter for the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground | [199][200] |
Iggy Pop | 1947 - | Vocalist and lyricist of proto-punk propagators The Stooges and often called the Godfather of Punk | [201][202] |
Meat Loaf | 1947-2022 | Rock opera singer | [203][204] |
Alice Cooper | 1948- | Shock rock singer | [205][206] |
Billy Zoom | 1948 - | Guitarist for the punk rock band X | [207] |
Johnny Ramone | 1948-2004 | Founding member and guitarist of the influential punk rock band Ramones | [208][209] |
Ted Nugent | 1948 - | American guitarist and rock musician | [210] |
Hank Williams Jr. | 1949 - | Country rock musician | [211] |
Eric Carmen | 1949 - | Lead vocalist of the power pop band Raspberries | [212] |
Gene Simmons | 1949 - | Bassist and founding member of hard rock band Kiss | [213][214] |
Jonathan Cain | 1950 - | Keyboardist and rhythm guitarist for Journey | [215] |
Lee Ving | 1950 - | Frontman of the LA-based hardcore punk band Fear | [216] |
Joey Kramer | 1950 - | Drummer of Aerosmith | [217] |
Joe Perry | 1950 - | Founding member and lead guitarist of Aerosmith | [218] |
Ace Frehley | 1951 - | Lead guitarist and founding member of hard rock band Kiss | [219] |
Joe Lynn Turner | 1951 - | Known for his work in hard rock bands Rainbow and Deep Purple | [220] |
Dee Dee Ramone | 1951-2002 | Founding member and bassist of the influential punk rock band Ramones | [221] |
Don Dokken | 1953 - | Lead singer and founder of glam metal band Dokken | [222] |
Ross the Boss | 1954 - | Founding member of proto-punk band The Dictators and heavy metal band Manowar | [223] |
Glenn Danzig | 1955 - | Founder of horror punk innovators The Misfits and frontman of heavy metal band Danzig | [224][225] |
Exene Cervenka | 1956 - | Singer and songwriter for the punk rock band X | [226] |
Bobby Steele | 1956 - | Guitarist for horror punk innovators The Misfits and frontman for The Undead | [227] |
Leonard Graves Phillips | 1957 - | Frontman of the comedic punk rock band The Dickies | [228][229] |
Prince | 1958-2016 | American singer, songwriter and record producer | [230] |
John Kezdy | 1959-2023 | Lead singer of the Chicago hardcore band The Effigies | [231] |
Cherie Currie | 1959 - | Lead vocalist of the all-female band The Runaways | [232] |
Johnny Van Zant | 1960 - | Current lead vocalist of southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd | [233] |
Jack Russell | 1960 - | Lead vocalist of the glam metal band Great White | [234] |
Tom Araya | 1961 - | Vocalist and bassist of thrash metal band Slayer | [235] |
Duane Peters | 1961 | Leading member of street punk band U.S. Bombs | |
Dave Mustaine | 1961 - | Frontman and primary songwriter of Megadeth | [236][237] |
Peter Steele | 1962-2010 | Founding member of crossover trash band Carnivore and lead singer, bassist and main composer of gothic metal band Type O Negative | [238][239] |
Trace Adkins | 1962 - | American country musician | [240] |
John Joseph | 1962 - | Lead singer and lyricist of the hardcore punk band Cro-Mags | [241][242] |
Joe Escalante | 1963 - | Bassist and songwriter of the comedic punk rock band The Vandals | [243] |
Michael Sweet | 1963 - | Frontman of Christian metal band Stryper | [244] |
Dave Smalley | 1963 - | Lead singer of hardcore punk bands DYS and Dag Nasty | [245][246] |
Vinnie Paul | 1964-2018 | Drummer of groove metal bands Pantera and Damageplan | [247] |
Steve Souza | 1964 - | Lead vocalist for the thrash metal band Exodus | [248] |
Dimebag Darrell | 1966-2004 | Guitarist of groove metal bands Pantera and Damageplan | [249] |
Billy Corgan | 1967 - | Frontman and primary songwriter of The Smashing Pumpkins | [250] |
Terry Butler | 1967 - | Bassist for the death metal band Obituary | [251] |
Sully Erna | 1968 - | Vocalist and rhythm guitarist of alternative metal band Godsmack | [252][253] |
Cowboy Troy | 1970 - | Country rap artist | [254] |
Kid Rock | 1971 - | American singer and rapper | [255][256] |
Sara Evans | 1971 - | American country music singer and songwriter | [257] |
Aaron Lewis | 1972 - | Frontman of alternative metal band Staind | [258] |
John Dolmayan | 1972 - | Drummer of System of a Down | [259] |
Jesse Hughes | 1972 - | Frontman of the rock band Eagles of Death Metal | [260] |
Gretchen Wilson | 1973 - | American country singer and songwriter | [261] |
Pete Parada | 1973 - | Drummer of several punk rock and metal bands | |
John Rich | 1974 - | American country singer | [262] |
Philip Labonte | 1975 - | Lead singer of metalcore band All That Remains | [263] |
Ariel Pink | 1978 - | Lo-fi musician and hypnagogic pop originator | [264] |
Kaya Jones | 1984 - | Canadian-American pop singer | [265] |
Azealia Banks | 1991 - | Rapper and hip hop artist | [266][267] |
Name | Lifetime | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Steve Ditko | 1927-2018 | Co-creator of Spider-Man and creator of Doctor Strange | |
Chuck Dixon | 1954- | Writer for series and stories including Batman, Batman: Knightfall, and The Punisher (1987) | |
Bill Willingham | 1956- | Writer and artist for series including Elementals and Fables | [378] |
Ethan Van Sciver | 1974- | Artist for series including The Flash: Rebirth, Green Lantern: Rebirth, and Sinestro Corps War |
Name | Founded/defunct | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Acton Institute | 1990– | promotes "individual liberty ... sustained by religious principles" | [379] |
American Enterprise Institute | 1938– | promotes limited government | [379] |
Cato Institute | 1974– | promotes classical liberalism | [379] |
Claremont Institute | 1979– | promotes limited government | [379] |
Competitive Enterprise Institute | 1984– | promotes limited government | [379] |
Discovery Institute | 1990– | promotes teaching religious viewpoints in science classes | [379] |
The Heartland Institute | 1984– | promotes climate change denial | [380][381] |
The Heritage Foundation | 1973– | promotes "[c]onservative social values" | [379] |
Hoover Institution | 1919– | promotes "a free and peaceful society" | [379] |
Hudson Institute | 1961– | promotes conservatism | [382] |
Manhattan Institute for Policy Research | 1977– | promotes privatization and limited government | [380][383] |
Mercatus Center | 1980– | promotes conservatism | [380] |
Mises Institute | 1982– | promotes Austrian school economics and anarcho-capitalism | [380] |
Reason Foundation | 1978– | promotes classical liberalism | [380] |
Name | Founded/defunct | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Bradley Foundation | founded in 1942 | financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks | [384][385] |
John Templeton Foundation | founded in 1987 | [384] | |
Koch family foundations | founded in 1953 | gives millions of dollars to a variety of organizations | [384][386] |
Lovett and Ruth Peters Foundation | founded in 1994 | [387] | |
Mercer Family Foundation | gives millions of dollars to conservative organizations | [388] | |
Olin Foundation | defunct in 2005 | financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks | [389][385] |
Pacific Legal Foundation | Founded in 1973 | Public interest law firm that defends Americans’ liberties when threatened by government overreach and abuse. | {445} |
Prager University Foundation (PragerU) | 2009 | publishes weekly conservative videos which have garnered over 2 billion total views | [390] |
Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation | founded in 1970 | gives millions of dollars to conservative organizations | [132] |
Scaife Foundations | founded in 2014 | financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks | [391][385] |
Searle Freedom Trust | founded in 1998 | financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks | [385][391] |
Smith Richardson Foundation | founded in 1935 | financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks | [384][385] |
Name | Founded/defunct | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Alliance Defending Freedom | 1994– | Christian legal organization | [392][393] |
American Conservative Union | 1964– | organization "with the aim of coordinating and guiding American conservatism" | [394] |
American Family Association | 1977– | lobbying organization | [395] |
American Legislative Exchange Council | 1973– | organization that helps state legislators write bills | [396][397] |
Americans for Prosperity | 2004– | Tea Party movement organization | [398] |
Club for Growth | 1999– | political action committee | [399] |
Concerned Women for America | 1978– | conservative women's organization formed by Beverly LaHaye | [400][401] |
Council for National Policy | 1981– | elite organization that meets three times a year | [402] |
Faith and Freedom Coalition | 2009– | Republican fundraising organization | [403] |
Family Research Council | 1983- | conservative Christian organization | [404] |
Federalist Society | 1982– | legal organization | [405] |
Focus on the Family | 1977– | Christian organization | [132] |
FreedomWorks | 2004– | grassroots organization | [406] |
Independent Women's Forum | 1992– | conservative women's organization | [407] |
John Birch Society | 1958– | far-right organization | [408] |
Judicial Watch | 1994– | educational foundation | [409] |
State Policy Network | 1992– | organization of state-based groups | [410][411] |
Turning Point Action | 2019 | political advocacy group | [412][413] |
Turning Point USA | 2012– | grassroots organization based on College, High School and Church Campuses | [414][415] |
US Chamber of Commerce | 1912– | pro-business lobbying organization | [416] |
Young Americans for Freedom | 1960– | organization formed by William F. Buckley Jr. | [100] |
Main article: Alternative media (U.S. political right) |
Name | Founded/defunct | Notability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
The American Conservative | 2002– | Paleoconservative magazine founded by Patrick J. Buchanan | [417] |
The American Spectator | 1967– | publication known for its investigations of Bill Clinton during his presidency | [418] |
Blaze Media | 2018– | news outlet from 2018 merger of Glenn Beck's TheBlaze and Mark Levin's CRTV | [419] |
Breitbart News | 2007– | website formerly headed by Steve Bannon | [420][421][422][423][424] |
Chronicles | monthly magazine that promotes "Western civilization" | [417] | |
CNSNews | 1998– | website founded by L. Brent Bozell III | [425] |
Commentary | 1945– | neoconservative monthly magazine edited by John Podhoretz | [426] |
The Daily Caller | 2010– | website founded by Tucker Carlson | [427] |
The Daily Wire | 2015– | website and media company founded by Ben Shapiro and Jeremy Boreing | |
The Detroit News | 1873– | one of the two major newspapers in the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan | [428] |
Drudge Report | 1995– | website founded by Matt Drudge | [429][168][430] |
Fox News | 1996– | cable outlet | [431] |
Free Republic | 1997– | website that promotes "front-line conservative activism" | [432][433] |
FrontPage | website edited by David Horowitz | [434] | |
Human Events | 1944– | weekly news magazine | [417] |
National Review | 1955– | magazine founded by William F. Buckley | [426] |
New Hampshire Union Leader | 1863– | daily newspaper of Manchester, New Hampshire | [435] |
New York Post | 1801– | daily newspaper owned by News Corp | [417] |
Newsmax Media | 1998– | media firm headed by Christopher Ruddy | [436] |
One America News Network | 2013– | cable channel | [437] |
Reader's Digest | 1922– | magazine founded by George and Lila Acheson Wallace | [438] |
RedState | 2004– | website owned by Salem Media | [439] |
Regnery Publishing | 1947– | publishing house | [440] |
Sinclair Broadcast Group | 1971– | telecommunications company founded by Julian Sinclair Smith | [441] |
Townhall.com | 1995– | website that hosts conservative commentary | [442] |
The Bulwark | 2018– | founded by Charlie Sykes and Bill Kristol | |
The Epoch Times | 2000- | newspaper and news website | |
The Wall Street Journal | 1889– | daily newspaper owned by Rupert Murdoch | [417] |
The Washington Free Beacon | 2012– | news website | [443] |
The Washington Times | 1982– | daily newspaper that covers politics | [417] |
The Weekly Standard | 1995–2018 | weekly magazine that covered politics | [417] |
WorldNetDaily | 1997– | news website | [444][445] |