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Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
Hexadecane[1] | |
Other names
Cetane
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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1736592 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.072 |
EC Number |
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103739 | |
MeSH | n-hexadecane |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C16H34 | |
Molar mass | 226.448 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colourless liquid |
Odor | Gasoline-like to odorless |
Density | 0.77 g/cm3[2][3] |
Melting point | 18.18 °C (64.72 °F; 291.33 K)[2] |
Boiling point | 286.9 °C (548.4 °F; 560.0 K)[2] |
log P | 8.859 |
Vapor pressure | < 0.1 mbar (20 °C) |
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
43 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 |
-187.6·10−6 cm3/mol[4] | |
Thermal conductivity | 0.140 W/(m·K)[5] |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.4329[2] |
Viscosity | 3.03 mPa·s[6] |
Thermochemistry[7] | |
Heat capacity (C)
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501.6 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−456.1 kJ mol−1 |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
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Warning | |
H315 | |
Flash point | 136 °C (277 °F; 409 K)[8] |
202 °C (396 °F; 475 K)[8] | |
Related compounds | |
Related alkanes
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hexadecane (also called cetane) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C16H34. Hexadecane consists of a chain of 16 carbon atoms, with three hydrogen atoms bonded to the two end carbon atoms, and two hydrogens bonded to each of the 14 other carbon atoms.
Main article: Cetane number |
Cetane is often used as a shorthand for cetane number, a measure of the combustion of diesel fuel.[9] Cetane ignites very easily under compression; for this reason, it is assigned a cetane number of 100, and serves as a reference for other fuel mixtures.[10]
Hexadecyl is an alkyl radical of carbon and hydrogen derived from hexadecane, with formula C16H33 and with mass 225.433,[11] occurring especially in cetyl alcohol.[12] It confers strong hydrophobicity on molecules containing it.[13] Carboplatin modified with hexadecyl and polyethylene glycol has increased liposolubility and PEGylation, proposed to useful in chemotherapy, specifically non-small-cell lung cancer.[14]
Hexadecyl was used from 1982 for radiolabelling,[15] and this continues to be useful,[16] for example for radiolabelling exosomes and hydrogels,[17] and for positron emission tomography.[18]
Hexadecyl platelet-activating factor has profound effects on the lung,[19] and hexadecyl glyceryl ether participates in the biosynthesis of plasmalogens.[20]