American biologist
Gerald Mayer Rubin (born 1950) is an American biologist, notable for pioneering the use of transposable P elements in genetics , and for leading the public project to sequence the Drosophila melanogaster genome . Related to his genomics work, Rubin's lab is notable for development of genetic and genomics tools and studies of signal transduction and gene regulation . Rubin also served as a vice president of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2003-2020) and founding executive director of its Janelia Research Campus .[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
Education and early life [ edit ] Rubin was born in Boston, Massachusetts , in 1950, attending the Boston Latin School . Rubin completed his undergraduate degree in biology at MIT , working at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory during the summer.[ 6] [ 7] He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge ,[ 8] working at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1974,[ 9] for studies on 5.8S ribosomal RNA supervised by Sydney Brenner .[ 8]
Career and research [ edit ] Following his PhD, Rubin did postdoctoral research at Stanford University with David Hogness .[ 10]
Rubin's first faculty position was at Harvard Medical School , followed by the Carnegie Institution of Washington ; in 1983 he accepted an appointment as the John D. MacArthur Professor of Genetics at the University of California, Berkeley . He was appointed a Howard Hughes Medical Investigator in 1987. He is currently the MacArthur Professor of Genetics emeritus, Genomics and Development, in Berkeley's Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and a Senior Group Leader at the Janelia Research Campus.
Rubin has taken a leading role in a number of high-profile scientific research projects.[ 11] [ 12] [ 13] [ 14] [ 15] [ 16] [ 17] [ 18] [ 19] [ 20] [ 21] [excessive citations ] As the director of the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, he led the public effort to sequence Drosophila melanogaster .[ 17] As Vice President of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Rubin led the development of HHMI's Janelia Research Campus , an independent biomedical research institute in Virginia .[ 6]
His lab is particularly known for its development of genomics tools, studies of gene regulation and other genome-wide research, neuroanatomy, and neurogenetics.
He was one of the three scientific founders of Exelixis in 1994; the company's original business plan was to exploit genomic research in Drosophila and other model organism to discover biological targets that could be used in drug discovery.[ 22]
Rubin has won numerous awards including:
1971 - Phi Beta Kappa
1971 - Phi Lambda Epsilon
1971-1973 - United States Churchill Foundation Fellow
1971-1974 - National Science Foundation (NSF), predoctoral Fellow
1974-1976 - Helen Hay Whitney Fellow
1983 - AAAS-Newcomb Cleveland Prize (with Allan C. Spradling for their papers describing germ-line transformation of Drosophila)[ 23]
1983 - Co-winner, Passano Foundation Young Scientist Award
1985 - American Chemical Society Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry
1985 - Co-winner, National Academy of Sciences U.S. Steel Foundation Award in Molecular Biology
1986 - Genetics Society of America Medal
1987 - Member of the National Academy of Sciences USA [ 24] [ 25]
1992 - Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science [ 26]
1992 - Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences [ 27]
1992 - Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology
1993 - Howard Taylor Ricketts Award from The University of Chicago
2000 - AAAS-Newcomb Cleveland Prize , AAAS (with Craig Venter , Mark Adams, and Susan Celniker ) for his March 24, 2000, review paper on sequencing the Drosophila genome[ 28]
2002 - Member, Institute of Medicine
2003 - George W. Beadle Medal (with Allan C. Spradling )[ 1]
2006 - R&D Magazine Scientist of the Year 2006[ 29]
2007 - Foreign Member, Royal Society (UK)
2017 - Member, European Molecular Biology Organization
2024 - Gruber Prize in Neuroscience (with Cornelia Bargmann )[ 30]
^ a b Orr-Weaver, T. (2003). "The 2003 George W. Beadle Medal; Gerald M. Rubin and Allan C. Spradling" . Genetics . 164 (4): 1248–1249. doi :10.1093/genetics/164.4.1248 . PMC 1462668 . PMID 15106662 .
^ Gerald M. Rubin's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
^ Rubin, G. M. (2006). "Janelia Farm: An Experiment in Scientific Culture" . Cell . 125 (2): 209–212. doi :10.1016/j.cell.2006.04.005 . PMID 16630805 .
^ "Faculty Research Page" . Department of Molecular & Cell Biology .
^ http://www.sciencewatch.com/sept-oct99/sw_sept-oct99_page3.htm HMI's Gerald M. Rubin: The Benefits of Genomics, ScienceWatch, v.10, n.5 (Sept./Oct. 1999)
^ a b UPI, "Gerald Rubin: Science Far Too Conservative ", April 20, 2006 (discussing Janelia Farm).
^ "Gerald M. Rubin" . www.nasonline.org . Retrieved 6 June 2022 .
^ a b Rubin, Gerald Mayer (1974). Studies on 5.8 S Ribosomal RNA (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 500553465 . EThOS uk.bl.ethos.471132 .
^ Rubin, G. (1974). "Three forms of the 5.8-S ribosomal RNA species in Saccharomyces cerevisiae" . European Journal of Biochemistry . 41 (1): 197–202. doi :10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03260.x . PMID 4593336 .
^ Rubin, G.; Hogness, D. (1975). "Effect of heat shock on the synthesis of low molecular weight RNAs in drosophila: Accumulation of a novel form of 5S RNA". Cell . 6 (2): 207–213. doi :10.1016/0092-8674(75)90011-2 . PMID 810246 . S2CID 42281700 .
^ Mammalian Gene Collection Program Team; Strausberg, R. L.; Feingold, E. A.; Grouse, L. H.; et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932 .
^ Xu, T; Rubin, G. M. (1993). "Analysis of genetic mosaics in developing and adult Drosophila tissues". Development . 117 (4): 1223–37. doi :10.1242/dev.117.4.1223 . PMID 8404527 .
^ Harris, M. A.; Clark, J; Ireland, A; Lomax, J; Ashburner, M; Foulger, R; Eilbeck, K; Lewis, S; Marshall, B; Mungall, C; Richter, J; Rubin, G. M.; Blake, J. A.; Bult, C; Dolan, M; Drabkin, H; Eppig, J. T.; Hill, D. P.; Ni, L; Ringwald, M; Balakrishnan, R; Cherry, J. M.; Christie, K. R.; Costanzo, M. C.; Dwight, S. S.; Engel, S; Fisk, D. G.; Hirschman, J. E.; Hong, E. L.; et al. (2004). "The Gene Ontology (GO) database and informatics resource" . Nucleic Acids Research . 32 (Database issue): D258–61. doi :10.1093/nar/gkh036 . PMC 308770 . PMID 14681407 .
^ Spradling, A.; Rubin, G. (1982). "Transposition of cloned P elements into Drosophila germ line chromosomes". Science . 218 (4570): 341–347. Bibcode :1982Sci...218..341S . doi :10.1126/science.6289435 . PMID 6289435 .
^ Rubin, G.; Spradling, A. (1982). "Genetic transformation of Drosophila with transposable element vectors". Science . 218 (4570): 348–353. Bibcode :1982Sci...218..348R . doi :10.1126/science.6289436 . PMID 6289436 .
^ Miklos, G.; Rubin, G. (1996). "The role of the genome project in determining gene function: Insights from model organisms" . Cell . 86 (4): 521–529. doi :10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80126-9 . PMID 8752207 . S2CID 10526337 .
^ a b Adams, M.; Celniker, S.; Holt, R.; Evans, C.; Gocayne, J.; Amanatides, P.; Scherer, S.; Li, P.; Hoskins, R.; Galle, R. F.; George, R. A.; Lewis, S. E.; Richards, S.; Ashburner, M.; Henderson, S. N.; Sutton, G. G.; Wortman, J. R.; Yandell, M. D.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, L. X.; Brandon, R. C.; Rogers, Y. H.; Blazej, R. G.; Champe, M.; Pfeiffer, B. D.; Wan, K. H.; Doyle, C.; Baxter, E. G.; Helt, G.; et al. (2000). "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster". Science . 287 (5461): 2185–2195. Bibcode :2000Sci...287.2185. . CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.8639 . doi :10.1126/science.287.5461.2185 . PMID 10731132 .
^ Rubin, G. ; Yandell, M.; Wortman, J.; Gabor Miklos, G.; Nelson, C.; Hariharan, I.; Fortini, M.; Li, P.; Apweiler, R.; Fleischmann, W.; Cherry, J. M.; Henikoff, S.; Skupski, M. P.; Misra, S.; Ashburner, M. ; Birney, E. ; Boguski, M. S.; Brody, T.; Brokstein, P.; Celniker, S. E.; Chervitz, S. A.; Coates, D.; Cravchik, A.; Gabrielian, A.; Galle, R. F.; Gelbart, W. M.; George, R. A.; Goldstein, L. S.; Gong, F.; Guan, P. (2000). "Comparative genomics of the eukaryotes" . Science . 287 (5461): 2204–2215. Bibcode :2000Sci...287.2204. . doi :10.1126/science.287.5461.2204 . PMC 2754258 . PMID 10731134 .
^ Botstein, D. ; Cherry, J. M.; Ashburner, M. ; Ball, C. A.; Blake, J. A.; Butler, H.; Davis, A. P.; Dolinski, K.; Dwight, S. S.; Eppig, J. T.; Harris, M. A.; Hill, D. P.; Issel-Tarver, L.; Kasarskis, A.; Lewis, S. ; Matese, J. C.; Richardson, J. E.; Ringwald, M.; Rubin, G. M. ; Sherlock, G. (2000). "Gene ontology: Tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium" . Nature Genetics . 25 (1): 25–29. doi :10.1038/75556 . PMC 3037419 . PMID 10802651 .
^ Rubin, G. M. (2001). "The draft sequences: Comparing species" . Nature . 409 (6822): 820–821. Bibcode :2001Natur.409..820R . doi :10.1038/35057277 . PMID 11236995 .
^ Spellman, P. T.; Rubin, G. M. (2002). "Evidence for large domains of similarly expressed genes in the Drosophila genome" . Journal of Biology . 1 (1): 5. doi :10.1186/1475-4924-1-5 . PMC 117248 . PMID 12144710 .
^ McCarthy, Alice A. (April 2005). "Exelixis: Integrated Drug-Discovery and Development Platform for Human Therapeutics" (PDF) . Chemistry & Biology . 12 (4): 407–408. doi :10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.04.004 . PMID 15850973 .
^ "1983 AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize" . Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2016-02-08 .
^ Nair, Prashant (2016). "QnAs with Gerald M. Rubin" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 113 (48): 13543–13545. Bibcode :2016PNAS..11313543N . doi :10.1073/pnas.1617474113 . ISSN 0027-8424 . PMC 5137761 . PMID 27856746 .
^ "Gerald Rubin" . www.nasonline.org .
^ "Inside AAAS" . 1992.
^ "Gerald Mayer Rubin" .
^ Robert Sanders, "UC Berkeley's Gerald Rubin shares AAAS prize with Celera's Craig Venter for sequencing genome of the fruit fly" , UC Berkeley Campus News, Feb. 20, 2001.
^ "Architect of the future: refocusing on basic research: R&D Magazine's 41st Scientist of the Year balances genomic research while spearheading one of the newest centers of basic research in the life sciences. (Cover story) - R & D -" . 20 February 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-02-20.
^ Gruber Prize in Neuroscience 2024
International National Academics