FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993 Long title An Act for reform in emerging new democracies and support and help for improved partnership with Russia, Ukraine, and other new independent states of the former Soviet Union. Nicknames FRIENDSHIP Act Enacted by the 103rd United States Congress Effective December 17, 1993 Public law 103-199 Statutes at Large 107 Stat. 2317 Titles amended U.S.C. sections amended Introduced in the House as H.R. 3000 by Dick Gephardt (D -MO ) on August 6, 1993Committee consideration by House Armed Services , House Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs , House Foreign Affairs , House Intelligence (Permanent) , House Judiciary , House Post Office and Civil Service , House Ways and Means Passed the House on November 15, 1993 (Passed voice vote)Passed the Senate on November 22, 1993 (Passed voice vote, in lieu of S. 1672 ) with amendmentHouse agreed to Senate amendment on November 23, 1993 (Agreed without objection)Signed into law by President Bill Clinton on December 17, 1993
The FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993 was enacted as a law of the United States enhancing prior statutory provisions which govern international relations between the former Republics of the Soviet Union and United States during the Cold War . The Act of Congress reformed United States statutes related to:
Armament export controls as related to military technology transfer limitations
Continental cultural and educational exchange
Cooperative foreign trade relations
Diplomatic relations with foreign allies
Global environmental shifts
Immigration and nationality requirements
International products exports
Societal propagandization as related to multicultural social ideology H.R. 3000 was passed by the 103rd United States Congressional session and enacted into law by the 42nd President of the United States Bill Clinton on December 17, 1993.[1] [2]
Titles of the Act
The 1993 Act was penned as nine titles establishing purposeful foreign relations as related to the development of emerging democracies and improved multinational partnerships.
Title I: Policy of Friendship and Cooperation
Statement of purpose
Findings
Statutory provisions that have been applicable to the Soviet Union .
Title II: Trade and Business Relations
Policy under Export Administration Act
Representation of countries of Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the former Soviet Union in legal commercial transactions
Procedures regarding transfers of certain Department of Defense-funded items
Soviet slave labor
Title III: Cultural, Educational, and Other Exchange Programs
Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961
Soviet-Eastern European research and training[3] [4]
Fascell Fellowship Act[5] [6]
Board for International Broadcasting Act[7] [8]
Scholarship programs for developing countries
Report on Soviet participants in certain exchange programs
Title IV: Arms Control
Arms Control and Disarmament Act
Arms Export Control Act
Annual reports on arms control matters
United States/Soviet direct communication link
Title V: Diplomatic Relations
Personnel levels and limitations
Other provisions related to operation of consulates and embassies
Foreign Service Buildings Act[9]
Title VI: Oceans and the Environment
Arctic Research and Policy Act[10] [11]
Fur seal management
Global climate protection[12] [13]
Title VII: Regional and General Diplomatic Issues
United Nations assessments
Soviet occupation of Afghanistan
Angola
Self determination of the people from the Baltic States
Obsolete references in Foreign Assistance Act
Review of United States policy toward the Soviet Union
Title VIII: Internal Security; Worldwide Communist Conspiracy
Civil defense
Report on Soviet press manipulation in the United States
Subversive Activities Control Act
Report on Soviet and international communist behavior
Title IX: Miscellaneous
Ballistic missile tests near Hawaii
Nondelivery of international mail
State-sponsored harassment of religious groups
Murder of Major Arthur D. Nicholson
Monument to honor victims of communism