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The Language/Dialect | The People | Notes | AIATSIS Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Antakarinya dialect | Antakarinya people | C5: Antikirinya[1] | |
Kartujarra dialect | Kartujarra people | A51: Kartujarra[2] | |
Kokatha dialect | Kokatha people | C3: Kokatha[3] | |
Two dialects of the Western Desert language have been named 'Kukatja'; Kukatja (A68) and Kukatja (C7) | Kukatja (A68) and Kukatja (C7) | A68 is in the north of Western Australia near Lake Gregory, and C7 is west of Haasts Bluff in central Australia.[4][5] A68 is one of the dialects that make up Martu Wangka at Jigalong.[6]: iii C7 call themselves 'Luritja' now.[4] |
A68: Kukatja & C7: Kukatja[4][5] |
Kuwarra dialect | Kuwarra people | There is little information regarding the language but the people are well attested.[7][8] | A16: Kuwarra[9] |
Luritja dialect | Luritja people | The Kukatja (C7) call themselves 'Luritja' now.[4] Pintupi and Luritja are two similar but overlapping dialects.[10][11] |
A7.1: Luritja[10] |
Manyjilyjarra dialect | Manyjilyjarra people | One of the dialects that make up Martu Wangka at Jigalong.[6]: iii | A51.1: Manyjilyjarra[12] |
Mantjintjarra dialect | Mantjintjarra people | A33: Mantjintjarra[13] | |
Martu Wangka dialect | Martu people | Martu Wangka refers to either a dialect found at and around Jigalong, Western Australia[6]: iii [14] or many different dialect groups in the Gibson, Little Sandy and Great Sandy deserts.[14] | A86: Martu Wangka[14] |
Nakako dialect | Nakako people | Little is known of the people and their language[15] | A32: Nakako[16] |
Ngaanyatjarra dialect | Ngaanyatjarra people | A38:Ngaanyatjarra[17] | |
Ngaatjatjarra dialect | Ngaatjatjarra people | A43: Ngaatjatjarra[18] | |
Ngalia dialect | Ngalia people | C2: Ngalia[19] | |
Pindiini/Wangkatha/Wangkatja dialect | Pindiini/Wangkatha/Wangkatja people | These three dialects & people are hardly distinguishable.[20][21][22] | A102: Pindiini, A12: Wangkatha & A103: Wangkatja[20][21][22] |
Pintupi dialect | Pintupi people | Pintupi and Luritja are two similar but overlapping dialects.[10][11] | C10: Pintupi[11] |
Pitjantjatjara dialect | Pitjantjatjara people | C6: Pitjantjatjara[23] | |
Putijarra dialect | Putijarra people | One of the dialects which make up Martu Wangka at Jigalong[6]: iii | A54: Putijarra[24] |
Tjupan dialect | Tjupan people | A31: Tjupan[25] | |
Wangkajunga dialect | Wangkajunga people | A87: Wangkajunga[26] | |
Yankunytjatjara dialect | Yankunytjatjara people | C4: Yankunytjatjara[27] | |
Yulparija dialect | Yulparija people | A67: Yulparija[28] |
Language / Dialect Name | Wikipedia Links | Not Supported? | Notes | Purported in ‘The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia’ (2018) | Purported in ‘Australian Languages - Their Nature and Development’ (2004) | Confirmed by AIATSIS? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antakarinya | Antakarinya language (aka. Antakarinja or Antikirinya) | Purported by the Mobile Language Team[29] | C5: Antikirinya[1] | |||
Kartujarra | Kartujarra language | Kartujarra language redirects to Kartutjarra language. Kartujarra redirects to Kartudjara, an article on a people. Kartudjara language redirects to Martu Wangka. Dixon gives it as 'Kartutjarra'[30] | Y | Y | A51: Kartujarra[2] | |
Kokatha | Kokatha language | Dixon gives it as 'Kukarta'.[30] Purported by the mobile language team[31] | Y | C3: Kokatha[3] | ||
Kukatja | Kukatja | As of 2024[update], AIATSIS distinguishes two Western Desert dialects with the same name; A68: Kukatja[5] and C7: Kukatja.[4] The former is located in the north of Western Australia[5] near Lake Gregory, and the latter is west of Haasts Bluff in Central Australia.[4] According to AIATSIS, the Kukatja (C7) call themselves 'Luritja' now.[4] | Y | Y | A68: Kukatja[5] and C7: Kukatja.[4] | |
Kuwarra | Kuwarra | Wikipedia does not have a page for this language/dialect, only the people. Kuwarra redirects to Koara. | Potential data; there is little information regarding the language but the people are well attested.[9] | |||
Luritja | Luritja, Luritja dialect | According to AIATSIS and Anna Kenny, the Kukatja (C7) call themselves 'Luritja' now.[4][32]: 20 | Gives 'Pintupi-Luritja' | Y | A7.1: Luritja[10] | |
Manjiljarra | Manjiljarra | Manjiljarra redirects to Mandjildjara. Mandjildjara says "See also: Mandjildjara language" which redirects to Manyjilyjarra dialect. Manyjilyjarra dialect only has 'Manyjilyjarra' in its title; it uses 'Manjiljarra' throughout the article. James Marsh says that Manyjilyjarra is one of the dialects that make up Martu Wangka[6]: iii | Y | A51.1: Manyjilyjarra[12] | ||
Mantjintjarra | Mantjintjarra language; Mantjintjarra | Wikipedia does not have a page for this language/dialect, only the people; Mantjintjarra language redirects to Western Desert Language. AIATSIS says "it is unclear whether these names [Mantjintjarra (A33) and Manyjilyjarra (A51.1)] refer to the same variety or not."[13] | A33: Mantjintjarra[13] | |||
Martu Wangka | Martu Wangka | Marsh says that "...the two main dialects distinguished are Manyjilyjarra and Kartujarra. (Warnman and Putijarra are also languages represented at Jigalong, but require separate treatment)."[6]: iii | Y | Gives "Manjtjiltjara (or Martu Wangka)" | A86: Martu Wangka[14] | |
Nakako | Nakako language; Nakako | Little is known of the language.[33] Nakako language redirects to Western Desert Language. | Potential data[16] | |||
Ngaanyatjarra | Ngaanyatjarra; Ngaanyatjarra dialect | Y | Gives 'Ngaanjatjarra' | A38:Ngaanyatjarra[17] | ||
Ngaatjatjarra | Ngaatjatjarra; Ngaatjatjarra dialect | Gives 'Ngaatjatjarr' | A43: Ngaatjatjarra[18] | |||
Ngalia | Ngalia language; Ngalia (Western Desert) | Wikipedia does not have a page for this language/dialect, only the people; Ngalia language directs to Western Desert Language. | C2: Ngalia[19] | |||
Pintupi | Pintupi; Pintupi dialect | AIATSIS says "Pintupi and Luritja C7.1 are two similar but overlapping dialects of the Western Desert language group"[11][10] | Gives 'Pintupi-Luritja' | Y | C10: Pintupi[11] | |
Pitjantjatjara | Pitjantjatjara; Pitjantjatjara dialect | Y | Y | C6: Pitjantjatjara[23] | ||
Wangkajunga | Wangkajunga | Wangkajunga redirects to Martu Wangka. Wangkajunga and Martu Wangka are generally treated seperately, awaiting response from other editors before splitting Martu Wangka. | Y | A87: Wangkajunga[26] | ||
Wangkatha | Wangkatha; Wangkatha dialect | AIATSIS says: "Wangkatha, Wangkatja A103 and Pindiini A102... appear to be very close to each other and hardly distinguishable."[21] Wangkatha language redirects to Western Desert languages. | Gives 'Wangkatja' | Gives 'Wangkatha' and 'Wangatja' | A12: Wangkatha[21] & A103: Wangkatja[22] | |
Yankunytjatjara | Yankunytjatjara; Yankunytjatjara dialect | Purported by the Mobile Language Team [34] | Gives 'Yankuntjatjarra' | C4: Yankunytjatjara[27] | ||
Yulparija | Yulparija | Yulparitja redirects to Nangatara which is a less common alternative name. Nangatara is an article on the people and contains no reference to their language. | Y | Gives 'Yulparitja' | A67: Yulparija[28] |
Language / Dialect Name | Wikipedia Links | Not Supported? | Notes | Purported in ‘The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia’ (2018) | Purported in ‘Australian Languages - Their Nature and Development’ (2004) | Confirmed by AIATSIS? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ngarlawangka | Ngarlawangka | Not considered a member of the Western Desert Language block | Now known as Ngarla. Laurent (2011) gives AIATSIS code of A48. AIATSIS notes that "...Ngarla A48, previously known as Ngarlawangka."[35] | |||
Manjtjiltjara (or Martu Wangka) | Manjtjiltjara | Due to the few sources purporting it and Wikipedia not making a single reference to it, I am not including it. | 'Manjtjiltjara' is a spelling I can only find Dixon to have used. AIATIS gives it as a synonym for 'Maduwongga' but AIATSIS also says that [Maduwongga] "has been confused with Martu Wangka A86" and that "they appear to be distinct language varieties."[36] | Y | ||
Nana | Nana | N | Wikipedia gives it as an alternate name for the Ngaanyatjarra and the Pini people. The Pini language redirects to Spurious languages#Retired 2022, giving [[1]] as a source. Alternate name for Birniridjara | "Unconfirmed"[37] | ||
Ngaliya | Ngaliya | N | Ngaliya redirects to Ngalia, a disambiguation page. Ngalia (Northern Territory) should be renamed to 'Ngaliya', the more common spelling. | Y | A dialect of Warlpiri, not Wati[38] | |
Pintupi-Luritja | Pintupi-Luritja | Pintupi and Luritja are often treated separately, even though they overlap. | A disambiguation page should be made for Pintupi-Luritja which links Pintupi and Luritja, and which explains their overlapping but separate classifications. Pintupi-Luritja redirects to Pintupi dialect. AIATSIS says "Pintupi and Luritja C7.1 are two similar but overlapping dialects of the Western Desert language group"[11][10] | Y | ||
Spinifex People | Spinifex People | N | Laurent (2011) gives their language as 'Ngalea Wirangu' which AITSIS categorises as two different languages. AITSIS gives Ngalia as a Western Desert language but not Wirangu. *Ngalia has been added to the list of dialects. *The Mobile Language Team states that Wirangu is not a Western Desert Language[39] | |||
Nyanganyatjara | Nyanganyatjara | N | Little to no information. | Potential data[40] | ||
Tjalkanti | Tjalkanti | N | Little to no information. | Potential data[40] | ||
Warnman | Warnman | N | Classified as a dialect of Wati by Bouckaert et al.[41] | Y | Y | A62: Warnman[42] |
Wawula | Wawula | Little to no information | Potential data[43] | |||
Yumu | Yumu people | N | Unconfirmed[44] |
Paper on Western Desert sign language: https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/ielapa.807502779767538
Paper that compares Manyjilyjarra and Manytjilytjarra.[45]
Note: Copy and pasted from Luritja:
According to Kenny (2013), "The people living to the immediate west of the Western Aranda called themselves Kukatja or Loritja at the turn of the twentieth century. Today they call themselves Luritja or Kukatja-Luritja when referring to their ancestry and history.[32]
Included under Martu Wangka are: Manyjilyjarra, Kartujarra, Warnman, Putijarra, and Kiyajarra.[46]
Included under Martu Wangka are: Manyjilyjarra and Kartujarra. (Warnman and Putijarra are also languages represented at Jigalong, but require separate treatment).[6]: iii
Note: Laurent (2011) gives Mardu. The AIATSIS code of A86: Martu Wangka notes that this is another name for the Martu people of the Western Desert.
Antakarinya language (aka. Antakarinja or Antikirinya)
Mantjintjarra language; Mantjintjarra
Ngalia language; Ngalia (Western Desert)
Ngarlawangka NOTE: Is it considered a member of the Western Desert Language block?
Antikirinya / Antakirinja C5; Birniridjara A25; Bunggura A28; Dargudi A56; Djalgandi A26; Gula A21; Kartujarra A51; Kiyajarra A52; Kokatha C3; Kukatja A68; Kukatja C7; Kurajarra A85; Kuwarra A16; Luritja C7.1; Maduwongga A6; Mandjindja A33; Mangu A34; Manyjilyjarra A51.1; Marawa A22; Martu Wangka A86; Mudalga A27; Murunitja A8; Nakako A32; Nanadjara A37; Nangadadjara A17; Ngaanyatjarra A38; Ngaatjatjarra A43; Ngadawanga A30; Ngalia C2; Njangadjadjara A83; Pindiini A102; Pintupi C10; Pitjantjatjara C6; Putijarra A54; Tjeraridjal A7; Tjupan A31; Waljen A11; Wangkajunga A87; Wangkatha A12; Wangkatja A103; Warnman A62; Wawula A29; Wilyara A20; Wirdinya A49; Wirdjaragandja A82; Yankunytjatjara C4; Yulparija A67.
Reference[30]
Warnman
Yulparitja
Manjtjiltjara (or Martu Wangka)
Kartutjarra
Kukatja
Pintupi
Luritja
Ngaatjatjarr[a][note 1]
Ngaanjatjarra
Wangkatha
Wangatja
Ngaliya
Pitjantjatjarra
Yankuntjatjarra
Kukarta
Reference[41]
Kartujarra
Kukatja
Manjiljarra
Martu Wangka
Ngaanyatjarra
Pintupi-Luritja
Pitjantjatjara
Wangkajunga
Wangkatja
Warnman
Yulparija
One of many sources[49]