Mineral which contains a borate anion group
Large (up to 1.8 cm) yellow londonite crystals associated with rubellite tourmaline. Londonite is an unusual caesium -rich heptaborate.[ 1] The Borate Minerals are minerals which contain a borate anion group. The borate (BO3 ) units may be polymerised similar to the SiO4 unit of the silicate mineral class. This results in B2 O5 , B3 O6 , B2 O4 anions as well as more complex structures which include hydroxide or halogen anions.[ 2] The [B(O,OH)4 ]− anion exists as well.
Many borate minerals, such as borax , colemanite , and ulexite , are salts : soft, readily soluble, and found in evaporite contexts. However, some, such as boracite , are hard and resistant to weathering, more similar to the silicates .
There are over 100 different borate minerals.[ 2] [ 3] Borate minerals include:
Nickel–Strunz Classification -06- Borates[ edit ] IMA -CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the Classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org , 10 ed, pending publication). Note that although Nickel–Strunz division letters were traditionally based on the number of boron atoms in a mineral's chemical formula (06.A are monoborates, 06.B are diborates, etc.), the IMA has reclassified borate minerals based on the polymerisation of the borate anion.
Abbreviations
REE : rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
PGE : platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
* : discredited (IMA/CNMNC status)
? : questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status)Regarding 03.C Aluminofluorides , 06 Borates , 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates :
neso- : insular (from Greek νῆσος nêsos , "island")
soro- : grouped (from Greek σωρός sōrós , "heap, pile, mound")
cyclo- : rings of (from Greek κύκλος kúklos , "circle")
ino- : chained (from Greek ίνα ína , "fibre", [from Ancient Greek ἴς ])
phyllo- : sheets of (from Greek φῠ́λλον phúllon , "leaf")
tekto- : three-dimensional framework (from Greek τεκτον ικός tektōnikós , "of building")Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
NN : Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
X : Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
Y : Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
##x : Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number; x an add-on letter06. Alfredstelznerite
06.A Monoborates
06.AA BO3 , without additional anions; 1(D): 05 Sassolite ; 15 Nordenskioldine, 15 Tusionite ; 35 Jimboite, 35 Kotoite; 40 Takedaite
06.AB BO3 , with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.: 05 Hambergite , 10 Berborite , 15 Jeremejevite ; 20 Warwickite , 20 Yuanfuliite ; 25 Karlite ; 30 Azoproite , 30 Bonaccordite , 30 Fredrikssonite, 30 Ludwigite , 30 Vonsenite; 35 Pinakiolite; 40 Blatterite, 40 Orthopinakiolite, 40 Takeuchiite, 40 Chestermanite; 45 Hulsite, 45 Magnesiohulsite, 45 Aluminomagnesiohulsite; 50 Hydroxylborite, 50 Fluoborite ; 55 Shabynite, 55 Wightmanite; 60 Gaudefroyite, 65 Sakhaite, 70 Harkerite; 75 IMA2008-060, 75 Pertsevite; 80 Jacquesdietrichite, 85 Painite
06.AC B(O,OH)4 , without and with additional anions; 1(T), 1(T)+OH, etc.: 05 Sinhalite ; 10 Pseudosinhalite; 15 Béhierite , 15 Schiavinatoite ; 20 Frolovite; 25 Hexahydroborite ; 30 Henmilite; 35 Bandylite; 40 Teepleite; 45 Moydite-(Y); 50 Carboborite; 55 Sulfoborite; 60 Luneburgite; 65 Seamanite ; 70 Cahnite
06.H Unclassified Borates
06.HA Unclassified borates: 05 Chelkarite; 10 Braitschite-(Ce); 15 Satimolite; 20 Iquiqueite; 25 Wardsmithite; 30 Korzhinskite; 35 Halurgite; 40 Ekaterinite; 45 Vitimite; 50 Canavesite ; 55 Qilianshanite Subclass: nesoborates [ edit ] 06.BA Neso-diborates with double triangles B2 (O,OH)5 ; 2(2D); 2(2D) + OH, etc.: 05 Suanite ; 10 Clinokurchatovite, 10 Kurchatovite; 15 Sussexite , 15 Szaibelyite; 20 Wiserite
06.BB Neso-diborates with double tetrahedra B2 O(OH)6 ; 2(2T): 05 Pinnoite ; 10 Pentahydroborite
06.CA Neso-triborates: 10 Ameghinite ; 15 Inderite ; 20 Kurnakovite ; 25 Inderborite; 30 Meyerhofferite ; 35 Inyoite ; 40 Solongoite; 45 Peprossiite-(Ce); 50 Nifontovite; 55 Olshanskyite
06.DA Neso-tetraborates: 10 Borax ; 15 Tincalconite ; 20 Hungchaoite; 25 Fedorovskite, 25 Roweite; 30 Hydrochlorborite; 35 Uralborite; 40 Numanoite, 40 Borcarite; 60 Fontarnauite
06.EA Neso-pentaborates: 05 Sborgite ; 10 Ramanite-(Rb), 10 Ramanite-(Cs), 10 Santite ; 15 Ammonioborite; 25 Ulexite
06.FA Neso-hexaborates: 05 Aksaite ; 10 Mcallisterite; 15 Admontite ; 20 Rivadavite; 25 Teruggite Subclass: inoborates [ edit ] 06.BC Ino-diborates with triangles and/or tetrahedra: 10 Calciborite , 10 Aldzhanite*; 15 Vimsite; 20 Sibirskite, 20 Parasibirskite
06.CB Ino-triborates: 10 Colemanite ; 15 Hydroboracite ; 20 Howlite ; 25 Jarandolite
06.DB Ino-tetraborates: 05 Kernite
06.EB Ino-pentaborates: 05 Larderellite; 10 Ezcurrite; 15 Probertite; 20 Tertschite; 25 Priceite
06.FB Ino-hexaborates: 05 Aristarainite; 10 Kaliborite Subclass: phylloborates [ edit ] 06.CC Phyllo-triborates: 05 Johachidolite
06.EC Phyllo-pentaborates: 05 Biringuccite, 05 Nasinite; 10 Gowerite; 15 Veatchite , 15 Veatchite-A, 15 Veatchite-p; 20 Volkovskite; 25 Tuzlaite ; 30 Heidornite; 35 Brianroulstonite
06.FC Phyllo-hexaborates: 05 Nobleite , 05 Tunellite, 05 Balavinskite; 10 Strontioborite; 15 Ginorite, 15 Strontioginorite; 20 Fabianite
06.GB Phyllo-nonaborates, etc.: 05 Studenitsite ; 10 Penobsquisite; 15 Preobrazhenskite; 20 Walkerite Subclass: tektoborates [ edit ] 06.BD Tektodiborates with tetrahedra: 05 Santarosaite
06.DD Tekto-tetraborates: 05 Diomignite
06.ED Tekto-pentaborates: 05 IMA2007-047, 05 Tyretskite, 05 Hilgardite , 05 Kurgantaite
06.GA Tekto-heptaborates: 05 Boracite , 05 Chambersite , 05 Ericaite; 10 Congolite, 10 Trembathite
06.GC Tekto-dodecaborates: 05 Rhodizite , 05 Londonite
06.GD Mega-tektoborates: 05 Ruitenbergite, 05 Pringleite; 10 Metaborite
"Special cases" ("native elements and organic minerals") "Sulfides and oxides"
Sulfides (IDs 2.A–F)
Sulfosalts ; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites (IDs 2.G)
Sulfosalts; sulfarsenates, sulfantimonates (IDs 2.K)
Other sulfosalts (IDs 2.H–J and 2.L–M)
Tellurium oxysalts
Vanadium oxides (IDs 4.H)
"Evaporites and similars" "Mineral structures with tetrahedral units" (sulfate anion, phosphate anion, silicon, etc.)
Monomeric minerals (similar to nesosilicates)
Sulfates (VI) (IDs 7.A–E)
Thiosulphates (IDs 7.J)
Silicate frameworks, tectosilicates
Other tectosilicates (IDs 9.FA. and 9.FB.15, e.g. feldspars )
Other silicate frameworks
Ribbon or multiple chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. amphiboles )
Other non monomeric minerals
Unclassified silicates (IDs 9.H)