Al-Adli al-Rumi (Arabic: العدلي الرومي), was an Arab player and theoretician of Shatranj, an ancient form of chess from Persia. Originally from Anatolia,[1] he authored one of the first treatises on Shatranj in 842, called Kitab ash-shatranj[2] ('Book of Chess').
He was recognized as the best Shatranj player in the 9th century[3] during the reign of al-Wathiq until his loss to al-Razi, just before[4] or early into[5] the reign of al-Mutawakkil.
In his treatise al-Adli compiled the ideas of his predecessors on Shatranj. The book was lost but the problems he discussed survived in the works of successors.[4] Mansūbāt were end game scenarios, where victory was obtained either by checkmate or stalemate, or by baring the opposing king.[6]
From his work came a variant[7] of the Dilaram problem,[8] attributed to al-Suli[9][10] and called Dilaram checkmate. In a manuscript from the early 15th century, a similar problem was accompanied by the story of a figure named Dilaram, who was the favourite slave of a certain chess player reduced to a desperate position in a match.[11][12]
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